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Kinetics And Kinematics > Gaits > Flashcards

Gaits Flashcards

1
Q

Eversion;
Usually refers to lateral movement of the calcaneus, produces pronation in the subtalar joint.
Dynamic movement, static position

A

Pronation

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2
Q

Inversion; refers to medial movement of the calcaneus, supination in the subtalar joint.
Dynamic movement, static position

A

Supination

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3
Q

Stance phase and Swing phase

A

Phases of gait

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4
Q

Heel Strike, midstance, and propuslive period

A

Stance Phase

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5
Q
  • Toe-off opposite foot
  • Knee extended
  • Foot dorsiflexed
  • Leg decelerating
  • Subtalar join is pronating, calcaneus rocking laterally, the foot itself is in a supinated position.
A

Heel Strike

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6
Q
  • 27% of stance phase.

- Major functions: transfer weight and shock absorption

A

Heel strike

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7
Q
  • Weight-bearing period b/w foot flat and heel lift.
  • Toe-off completed for opposite foot
  • Foot in full contact with floor
  • Subtalar joint is supination, calcaneus rocking medially, the foot itself is moving toward a prorated position
A

Midstance

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8
Q
  • 40% of stance phase

- Major functions: bearing weight, convert foot from adaptive shock absorber to rigid lever for propulsion

A

Midstance

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9
Q
  • Period b/w heel lift and toe-off (push off)
  • subtalar supination continued and completed
  • subtalar joint continued to supinate, calcaneus rocking medially, the foot itself is in a prorated position
A

Propulsive Period

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10
Q
  • 33% of stance phase
  • Major functions: transfer weight from lateral to medial side of foot, and to ball and toes for even propulsion. Shifting weight of body to other foot.
A

Propulsive period

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11
Q

Approximately 60% of gait cycle

A

Stance phase

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12
Q

Approximately 40% of gait cycle

A

Swing phase

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13
Q

Acceleration, mid swing, deceleration

A

Phases of Swing phase

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14
Q
  • Toe-off to midswing
  • Hip flexes to propel leg forward
  • Functional significance: transfer foot forward for next step.
A

Acceleration phase

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15
Q
  • transition period b/w acceleration and deceleration

- halfway point to swing phase

A

Mid swing

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16
Q
  • Midswing to heel strike

- major function: decelerates lib to prepare for contact and weight transfer

A

Deceleration

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17
Q

Six Classical Determinants

A 
Pelvic rotation
Pelvic tilt
Pelvis shift
Knee flexion
Knee-ankle relationship
Hip flexion
18
Q

Normal oscillation pattern

High point:_______________

A

Midstance (either foot)

19
Q

Normal Oscillation pattern

Low point:________________

A

Double weight bearing (toe-off/heel strike)

20
Q

Rotation of the entire pelvis away from the side of the forward leg.

A

Pelvic rotation

21
Q

4 degree to each side

A

Pelvic rotation

22
Q
  • Axis of rotation in the opposite hip.
  • Result is decreased angle b/w leg and floor and b/w hip and leg.
  • Vertical displacement decreased by 3/8
A

Pelvic rotation

23
Q

Pelvic dips inferiorly on the swing side (4-6 degrees)

A

Pelvis shift

24
Q

Hip adduction on stance side

Smoothes pelvic motion, helps maintain balance

A

Pelvis shift

25
Q

Stance leg knee goes from full extension (heel strike) to 15 degree flexion; knee re-extends as toe-off approaches

A

Knee flexion

26
Q
  • important shock absorber

- decreases vertical displacement 1/8

A

Knee flexion

27
Q
  • Similar to knee flexion determinant

- Ankle 90 degrees at heel strike, plantar flexion follows, then dorsiflexion as toe-off approaches

A

Knee-ankle relationship

28
Q

As heel raises during toe-off vertical lift smoothed out by knee flexion

A

Knee-ankle relationship

29
Q

Acceleration stage of swing phase

A

Hip flexion

30
Q
  • Moves foot forward with minimal vertical undulation

- Would have to raise pelvis without hip flexion

A

Hip flexion

31
Q

Hip flexor/extensors

A

Prime movers

32
Q

Hip abductors/adductors

A

Stabilizers

33
Q

Hamstrings and gluteus max to slow down swing

A

Decelerators

34
Q

Major Muscles of Gait

A 
Gluteus Max and med
Hamstrings
Gastrocnemius and soleus
Tibialis anterior
Quadriceps
Iliopsoas
TFL
35
Q

What are the 3 different phases of Stance phase?

A

Heel strike
Midstance
Toe-off

36
Q

The following describes which phase of stance phase?

  • Hamstring activity decreases
  • quads-extends knee
  • Gluteus medius- stabilizes pelvis, controls hip adduction with eccentric contraction
  • Paraspinal muscles- keep pelvis from dipping excessively.
  • Tibialis anterior- dorsiflexes foot, eccentric contraction as foot makes contact
A

Heel Strike

37
Q

The following describes which phase of Stance phase?

  • Body weight being pulled over foot by the body’s momentum
  • Gastroc., Soleus, and TFL braking and controlling.
A

Midstance

38
Q

The following describes which phase of stance phase?

  • Propel body weight forward
  • gastroc and soleus contraction
A

Toe-off

39
Q

The following describes which phase of swing phase?

  • Hip flexors (iliosoas and quads) flex hip and accelerate forward.
  • Tibialis anterior contracts so toes clear floor.
A

Acceleration

40
Q

The following describes which phase of Swing phase?

-Contraction of gluteus max and hamstrings decelerates and prepares limb or heel strike.

A

Deceleration

41
Q

In gait evaluation what are the 4 important aspects of physical exam that shows integrity of NMS system?

A
  • Nervous system integrity
  • Coordination and integration of movements
  • Muscle strength and health
  • Biomechanical integrity and stability of involved joints
42
Q

What are the 3 methods of evaluation of Gait evaluation?

A
  • Complex and difficulty process is assess
  • Begin with general observation and overview
  • Break down into component parts

Kinetics And Kinematics (2 decks)

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