Gait-TT Flashcards
What causes full knee extension?
Poor suspension
Insufficient initial socket flexion
Foot too anterior
Heel lever too short/soft
What causes excessive knee flexion?
Faulty suspension
Flexion contracture
What causes unequal stride length?
Faulty suspension
Poor gait pattern
What causes jerky knee flexion?
Weak quadriceps
What causes knee instability?
Foot too posterior Socket too flexed Shoe heel too high Foot heel too firm Shoe doesn't allow foot heel to compress completely Weak muscles
What causes Hyperextension of the knee?
Foot too anterior Insufficient initial socket flexion SACH heel too soft Heel on shoe too low Excessive use of knee extensors Changing from a Joint thigh lacer to PTB Keel or toe lever too long/firm Laxity of posterior capsule of knee or hamstrings Bad gait habit
What causes pistoning?
Poor suspension
Not enough socks
Faulty socket modifications
Socket too loose
What causes a medially leaning pylon?
Too much socket adduction
Foot too outset
What causes a laterally leaning pylon?
Too much socket abduction
Foot too inset
What causes a valgus moment at the knee?
Foot too outset
Insufficient medial displacement of foot
Inversion of foot
Poor medial collateral ligaments
What causes a varus moment at the knee?
Foot too inset
Socket ML too wide
Lateral collateral ligaments hypermoble
What causes narrow base gait?
Foot inset
What causes a wide base gait?
Foot too outset
Habit
Hip abductor weakness
Prosthesis too long
What causes lateral trunk bend?
Prosthesis too short/long
Residual limb pain
Foot too outset
What causes drop off?
Too lever to short Keel too soft Shoe heel too high Foot excessively dorsiflexed Socket too flexed
What causes “uphill walking?”
Toe lever too long
Foot too plantarflexed
What causes whips?
Cuff suspension not aligned properly
Socket externally/internally rotated
Excessive toe out
What causes the foot to touch the ground during mid-swing?
Prosthesis too long Suspension too loose Knee flexion limitation Muscle weakness Poor gait training
What are the goals for initial contact?
Knee maintained in 5-10 degrees of flexion
Stride length equal
What are the goals for loading response?
Smooth knee flexion to 20 degrees
3/8inch heel compression
No pistoning
What are the goals for midstance?
Pylon vertical
Socket displaced laterally 1/2inch
2-4inch between medial side of feet
No lateral trunk bend
What are the goals for terminal stance?
Heel off smooth
Knee begin to flex for toe off
What are the goals for pre-swing?
Smooth body weight transfer
Socket remains suspended
What are the goals for swing phase?
Foot accelerate smoothly
Foot swings through without touching ground
What are the deviations during initial contact?
Knee fully extended
Knee excessively flexed
Unequal stride length
What are the gait deviations for Loading Response?
Jerky knee flexion
Knee instability
Excessive knee extension
Pistoning
What are the gait deviations for mid stance?
Laterally/medially leaning pylon
Varus/Valgus knee moment
Narrow/wide based gait
Lateral trunk bend
What are the gait deviations for terminal stance?
Drop-off
Uphill walking
What are the gait deviations of pre-swing?
Drop-off
Pistoning
What are the gait deviations of swing phase?
Medial/Lateral whips
Prosthetic feet touch the floor
What causes excessive abduction of the prosthesis?
Socket excessively abducted
Excessive foot eversion
What causes excessive adduction of the prosthesis?
Socket excessively adducted
Excessive foot inversion
What causes excessive toe out?
Too much external rotation of foot
Person’s hip externally rotated
What external rotation of the foot at heel strike?
Heel durometer too hard
Externally rotated prosthesis
What causes foot slap?
Insufficient plantarflexion resistance
Excessive soft bumper
What cause anterior distal tibia pressure?
Excessive use of knee extensors
Unrelieved area in socket
Low back of socket
What causes medial/lateral leaning pylon?
Socket adduction/abduction
Loose socket
What causes excessive lateral displacement?
Loose ML
Foot excessively inset
What causes medial displacement?
Foot outset
Pain Prox medial-distal lat
Short residual limb
Knee joint weakness
What cause circumduction?
Prosthesis too long
What causes the toe to drag?
Prosthesis too long
Insufficient initial socket flexion
Poor suspension
What cause heel rise?
Poor suspension
Insufficient initial socket flexion
What is the desired heel rise?
60 degrees or equal to contralateral limb
What is the desired lateral displacement of the socket?
1/2inch
How much should the knee flex during loading response?
15-20 degrees
What is the desired dorsiflexion of foot?
No more than 1 1/2 inch from floor
How much should the knee be flexed at initial contact?
5-10 degrees
How much heel compression should occur?
1/2 inch
