Gait Six

Question 1

Initial contact muscle work:

Hip
Knee
Ankle
Pelvis

Answer 1

IC

Hip 25d flexion
- Hip Extensors (isometric / eccentric?)

Knee neutral or slightly flexed
- Knee co-contraction

Ankle neutral 0 d
- Held isometric ally by dorsiflexors

Pelvis 5 d forward rotation

Question 2

Loading response MA

Hip
Knee
Ankle
Pelvis

Answer 2

LR

Hip 25 d flexion (minimal change from IC)
- Hip extensors eccentrically

Knee flexes to 15 d
- Eccentric quadriceps

Ankle 10 d rapid plantar flexion
- Controlled by eccentric dorsiflexors

Pelvis minimal change from IC - 5 d forward rotation

Question 3

Mid stance MA

Hip
Knee
Ankle
Pelvis

Answer 3

Mid Stance

Hip extends to neutral
- Concentric hip Extensors fading at vertical

Knee remains slightly flexed, slowly extending to neutral near end of phase
- Concentric quadriceps fading at vertical

Ankle dorsiflexes from 0 d through to 5 d
- Eccentric plantar flexors

Pelvis:
- Rotates back to neutral position; lateral pelvic tilt with stance side ASIS higher

Question 4

Terminal Stance MA

Hip
Knee
Ankle
Pelvis

Answer 4

Terminal stance

Hip extends to 20 d of hip extension
- Eccentric hip flexors

Knee remains extended throughout phase
- Passive?

Ankle dorsiflexes to 10 d, MTP extends to 30 d
- Plantarflexors eccentrically

Pelvis
- Rotates backwards

Question 5

Pre Swing MA

Hip
Knee
Ankle
Pelvis

Answer 5

Pre Swing

Hip flexes to hear neutral
- Passive

Knee rapidly flexes to 40 d
- Passive

Ankle rapidly moves to 20 d plantarflexion, MTP joints extend to 60 d
- Plantar flexors concentrically

Pelvis remains rotated backward

Question 6

Initial Swing MA

Hip
Knee
Ankle
Pelvis

Answer 6

Initial Swing

Hip flexes to 15 d
- Concentric hip flexors

Knee further rapid flexion to 60 d
- Usually passive

Ankle moves from plantarflexion toward neutral
- Concentric dorsiflexors

Pelvis begins to rotate back to neutral

Question 7

Mid Swing MA

Hip
Knee
Ankle
Pelvis

Answer 7

Mid Swing

Hip flexes to 25
- Hip flexors fading

Knee rapidly extends to 15 d
- Passive

Ankle moves to neutral
- Concentric dorsiflexors

Pelvis

• Neutral rotation in horizontal plane
• Lateral pelvic tilt downwards towards swinging limb

Question 8

Terminal Swing MA

Hip
Knee
Ankle
Pelvis

Answer 8

Terminal Swing

Hip remains relatively unchanged 20 d flexion
- Eccentric hip Extensors

Knee extends to neutral
- Eccentric hamstrings

Ankle remains in neutral
- Isometric dorsiflexors

Pelvis rotates forward

Question 9

Power Curve

Above the line?

Below the line?

Answer 9

Power Curve

Above line - concentric (acceleration)

Below line - eccentric (deceleration)

Question 10

Terminal Swing MA

Hip
Knee
Ankle
Pelvis

Answer 10

Terminal Swing

Hip remains relatively unchanged 20 d flexion
- Eccentric hip Extensors

Knee extends to neutral
- Eccentric hamstrings

Ankle remains in neutral
- Isometric dorsiflexors

Pelvis rotates forward

Question 11

Power Curve

Above the line?

Below the line?

Answer 11

Power Curve

Above line - concentric (acceleration)

Below line - eccentric (deceleration)