Gait 5

Question 1

When observing gait for each major joint, what three factors should be outlined

Answer 1

1) ROM - Characteristic position and range of movement required
2) Muscle action (MA) - the muscles that are active and the the of MA.
3) Functional significance - the functional consequence of the joint position and MA.

Question 2

Initial contact angles:
Hip
Knee 
Ankle 
Pelvis

Answer 2

Hip: 25 d flexion
Knee: Neutral or slightly flexed
Ankle: Neutral 0 d
Pelvis: 5 d forward (anterior) rotation

Question 3

Loading response angles: 
Hip
Knee
Ankle 
Pelvis

Answer 3

Hip: 25 d flexion (minimal change from IC)
Knee: Flexes to 15 d
Ankle: 10 d very rapid plantar flexion
Pelvis: 5 d forward rotation (minimal change from IC)

Question 4

Mid Stance angles: 
Hip
Knee
Ankle 
Pelvis

Answer 4

Mid Stance

Hip: Extends to neutral
Knee: Remains slightly flexed, slowly extending to near neutral at end of phase
Ankle: Dorsiflexion from 0 d through to 5 d
Pelvis: Rotates back to neutral position; lateral pelvic tilt with stance side ASIS higher

Question 5

Terminal Stance angles: 
Hip 
Knee
Ankle 
Pelvis

Answer 5

Terminal stance

Hip: extends to 20 d of hip extension 
Knee: Remains extended through phase 
Ankle: Dorsiflexes to 10 d
MTP joints extend to 30 d
Pelvis: Rotates backwards

Question 6

Pre Swing angles:

Hip
Knee
Ankle
Pelvis

Answer 6

Pre Swing

Hip: Flexes to near neutral 
Knee: Rapidly flexes to 40 d 
Ankle: Rapidly moves to 20 d plantar flexion 
MTP extends further to 60 d
Pelvis: Remains rotated backwards

Question 7

Initial Swing:

Hip
Knee
Ankle
Pelvis

Answer 7

Initial Swing

Hip: Flexes to 15 d
Knee: Further rapid flexion to 60d
Ankle: Moves from plantar flexion to neutral
Pelvis: Begins to rotate to neutral

Question 8

Mid Swing angles

Hip
Knee
Ankle
Pelvis

Answer 8

Hip: Flexes to 25 d
Knee extends to 15 d
Ankle: Moves to neutral
Pelvis: Neutral rotation in horizontal plane
- lateral pelvic tilt down towards swinging limb

Question 9

Terminal Swing angles

Hip
Knee
Ankle
Pelvis

Answer 9

Terminal Swing

Hip: Remains relatively unchanged at 25 d flexion
Knee: Extends to Neutral
Ankle: Remains in neutral
Pelvis: Rotates forward