Gait Deviations

Question 1

Lat trunk lean

Answer 1

Weak glute med

KAFO med upright too high
Insufficient shoe lift
Short leg

Low lat wall
Short prosthesis or amputation limb
High med wall
Abd contracture

Question 2

Backward trunk lean

Answer 2

Weak glute max
Hard ascend stairs or ramps too

Inadequate hip lock
Knee ankylosis

Question 3

Forward trunk lean

Answer 3

Weak quads
Hip/knee flex contractures

Inadequate knee lock

Unstable knee unit
Short ambulatory aids

Question 4

Excessive hip flex

Answer 4

Weak hip ext

Tight hip/knee flex

Question 5

Abnormal synergy

Answer 5

Excess hip add

Hip/knee flex

Question 6

Excess knee flex

Answer 6

Weak quads
Knee flex contracture
Hard descend stairs or ramp too

Inadequate DF stop or knee lock

Socket too far ant
PF bumper too hard
High heel shoes

Question 7

Knee hyperext

Answer 7

Weak quads
Pf contracture
Extensor spasticity

Inadequate PF stop or knee lock
Calf band too deep
Pes equinus

Socket too far post
PF bumper or heel cushion too soft
Low heel shoes
Anterior distal discomfort

Question 8

Toes first

Answer 8

Weak df
Spastic pf
Lld
Heel pain 
Positive support reflex 

Inadequate DF assist or PF stop
Inadequate heel lift

Question 9

Foot slap

Answer 9

Weak DF
Hypotonia
Compensate with steppage

Inadequate DF assist or PF stop

Heel cushion or PF bumper too soft

Question 10

Calcaneous gait

Answer 10

Excess DF with uncontrolled tibia motion

Weak PF

Question 11

Equinus gait (high heel rise)

Answer 11

Excess PF
Poor eccentric contraction and advancement of tibia

Inadequate knee friction or too little extension aid

Question 12

Supination

Answer 12

Spastic invertor
Weak eversion
Pes varus
Genu varum

Transverse plane malalignment

Question 13

Pronation

Answer 13

Weak invertors
Spasticity
Pes valgus
Genu valgum

Transverse plane malalignment

Question 14

Pelvic retraction

Answer 14

Insufficient forward rot

Weak abs or hip flex

Question 15

Hip hiking

Answer 15

Compensatory response weak hip and knee flex

Extensor spasticity

Question 16

Steppage gait

Answer 16

Excess hip/knee flex
Compensatory response to shorten limb
Weak DF

Question 17

Equinovarus

Answer 17

Post tib and or gastroc spasticity

Question 18

Circumduction

Answer 18

Locked knee
Excessive PF
Weak hip flex or DF

Long prosthesis
Small or loose socket
Inadequate suspension

Question 19

Excess stance width

Answer 19

KAFO height med upright too high
HKAFO hip joint aligned in excess abd 
Knee locked 
Abd contracture 
Poor balance 
Sound limb too short

Question 20

Abducted gait

Answer 20

Crotch or med wall not comfy
Long prosthesis
Low lat wall
Tight abd

Question 21

Vaulting

Answer 21

Prosthesis too long
Inadequate suspension 
Socket too small 
Foot PF
Too little knee flex

Question 22

Lumbar lordosis

Answer 22

Insufficient ant post wall support
Painful ischial WB
Hip flex contracture
Weak hip ext or abs

Question 23

Terminal swing impact

Answer 23

Insufficient knee friction
Too much extension aid
Fear of buckling
Forceful hip flex

Question 24

Swing whips

Answer 24

Socket rotated
Knee bolt rotated
Foot malalignment

Question 25

Foot rotates at heel strike

Answer 25

Foot malaligned

Stiff heel cushion or PF bumper

Question 26

Uneven step length

Answer 26

Socket discomfort or poor alignment
Hip flex contracture
Hip instability

Question 27

Lateral thrust midstance

Answer 27

Foot inset too much

Question 28

Medial thrust midstance

Answer 28

Foot outset too much

Question 29

Drop off or premature knee flex

Answer 29

Socket too far ant or excessively flexed
DF bumper too soft
Foot keel too short
Knee flex contracture

Question 30

Delayed knee flex late stance

Answer 30

Feel walking uphill
Socket too far post or lacks sufficient flex
DF bumper too stiff (excess PF)
Long foot keel