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Applied: Exam 2 > Gait Deviations > Flashcards

Gait Deviations Flashcards

1
Q

Antalgic gait

A

painful gait

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2
Q

How does pain affect gait?

A

decreased stance time on the side w/pain
decreased opposite step length

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3
Q

Ataxic gait

A

uncontrolled, “staggered” gait

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4
Q

How does ataxia affect gait?

A

wide BOS
individual relies heavily on vision

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5
Q

Diplegic gait

A

spastic gait

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6
Q

How does bilateral spasticity affect gait?

A

narrow BOS
walks on tiptoes
scissoring of LE “walking on a tightrope”

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7
Q

Hemiplegic gait

A

one sided weakness

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8
Q

How does one sided weakness affect gait?

A

causes decreased DF
increases hip flexion & circumduction in order to avoid DF

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9
Q

Parkinsonian gait

A

slow & rigid gait

small shuffled steps w/reduced arm swing

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10
Q

How does Parkinson’s Disease affect gait?

A

small shuffled steps w/reduced arm swing
flexed posture

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11
Q

Trendelenburg gait

A

glute medius weakness

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12
Q

How does a R positive Trendelenburg change gait?

A

L pelvis drops & trunk lurches toward R stance limb to compensate for weakness

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13
Q

Lurch gait

A

Glue maximus weakness

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14
Q

How is gait changed with a lurch deviation?

A

trunk leans backward to achieve hip extension

results in increased time on stance limb

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15
Q

Foot Slap

  • describe
  • impairment
  • compensations
A

rapid ankle PF after heel contact

due to DF weakness

causes toe extension, increased hip flexion & circumduction

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16
Q

Foot Flat

  • describe
  • impairment
  • compensations
A

During heel strike, the plantar-surface makes contact with the ground instead of the heel

due to DF weakness

causes excessive hip & knee flexion

17
Q

Initial contact w/forefoot (heel follows)

  • describe
  • impairment
  • compensations
A

forefoot makes contact with the ground instead of the heel during initial contact

due to DF weakness

causes excessive hip & knee flexion

18
Q

Initial contact w/forefoot (heel follows, but w/post tibial displacement)

  • describe
  • impairment
  • compensations
A

knee hyperextension followed by heel contact

due to PF contracture or spasticity

causes hip flexion & forward trunk lean

19
Q

Initial contact w/forefoot (no heel contact)

  • describe
  • impairment
  • compensations
A

forefoot makes contact during initial contact instead of heel

pain, calcaneal fx, plantar fasciitis

knee & hip kept in flexion

20
Q

Premature heel elevation (mid/terminal stance)

  • describe
  • impairment
A

heel rises early

lack of ankle DF

21
Q

Supination (stance phase)

  • describe
  • impairment
A

foot remains in supination rather than going into pronation during stance phase

pes cavus

22
Q

Pronation (stance phase)

  • describe
  • impairment
A

excessive pronation that increases weight-bearing on medial side

pes planus or ankle invertor weakness

23
Q

Drop Foot

  • describe
  • impairment
A

decreased DF

DF weakness

24
Q

Vaulting

  • describe
  • impairment
A

excessive PF during midstance
allows clearance of the contralateral limb

any impairment of the contralateral LE that decreases hip flexion, knee flexion or ankle DF

25
Q

Excess Toe Out

  • describe
  • impairment
A

excessive ER or outward foot angle during stance

retroversion of the femur, tight hip ER or excessive ER of the LE

26
Q

Excess Toe In

  • describe
  • impairment
A

reduced foot angle during stance phase “pigeon-toe”

excessive anteversion of the femur, spasticity or excessive IR of the hip adductors and IR

27
Q

Knee Extension (after IC) “Extensor Thrust”

  • describe
  • impairment
  • compensation
A

knee locks in hyperextension after IC

spasticity of quadriceps

trunk flexion

28
Q

Knee Extension (LR) w/o Extensor Thrust

  • describe
  • impairment
  • compensation
A

knee is held in prolonged extension during LR to reduce the need for quadriceps

quadriceps weakness or knee pain

trunk flexion

29
Q

Genu Recurvatum

  • describe
  • impairment
  • compensation
A

knee hyperextension during stance phase

quadricep weakness

trunk flexion

30
Q

Flexed Knee (stance phase)

  • describe
  • impairment
  • compensation
A

knee flexion

knee flexion contracture or hamstring spasticity

increased hip flexion & DF

31
Q

Reduced/Absent Knee Flexion (swing phase)

  • describe
  • impairment
  • compensation
A

knee flexion & DF reduced during swing phase

quadriceps spasticity or knee extensor contracture

hip circumduction or hip hiking

32
Q

Forward Trunk Lean (mid/terminal stance)

  • describe
  • impairment
A

excessive trunk flexion due to mid/terminal stance to compensate for a lack of hip extension

hip flexion contracture or pain

33
Q

Circumduction

  • describe
  • impairment
A

use of adductors & abductors to complete a semi-circle movement

hip flexor weakness

34
Q

Forward trunk lean (loading response)

  • describe
  • impairment
A

use of body weight to extend knee

quadriceps weakness

35
Q

Excess hip/knee flexion (swing phase)

A

increased flexion at the hip to shorten a long limb

leg length discrepancy due to lack of ankle DF or PF contracture

36
Q

Hip hiking

A

Elevation of the ipsilateral pelvis or hip during swing to raise the affected limb up in an effort to clear the foot.

Applied: Exam 2 (4 decks)

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