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Unit 3 Biomechanics Winter 2024 > Gait Cycle > Flashcards

Gait Cycle Flashcards

1
Q

What phases are included in the gait cycle?

A
  • stance phase

-swing phase

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2
Q

What periods are in the stance phase of the gait cycle in Rancho Los Amigos?

A
  • Initial contact (DLS)
  • Loading response (DLS)
  • Mid-stance (SLS)
  • Terminal stance (SLS)
  • Pre-swing (DLS)
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3
Q

What periods are in the swing phase of the gait cycle in Rancho Los Amigos?

A
  • Initial swing (SLS)
  • Mid-swing (SLS)
  • Terminal swing (SLS)
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4
Q

What are the periods of the gait cycle in traditional terms?

A
  • Heel strike (Initial contact)
  • Flat foot (Loading response)
  • Mid-stance (Mid-stance)
  • Heel off (Terminal stance)
  • Toe off (Pre-swing)
  • Early swing (Initial swing)
  • Mid-swing (Mid-swing)
  • Late-swing (Terminal swing)
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5
Q

When does each period of the gait cycle start and end?

A

IC - moment heel hits the floor
LR - initial contact to flat foot
MS - flat foot to head, arms, and trunk over stance limb
TS - end of midstance to heel off floor
PreSw - IC (of swing limb) to toe off (stance limb)
IS - toe off to feet adjacent
MSw - feet adjacent to vertical tibia
TSw - vertical tibia to almost IC

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6
Q

What is the objective of initial contact in the gait cycle & what is the other limb doing?

A
  • making contact with the ground
  • begin weight acceptance

contra limb ending terminal stance

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7
Q

What is the objective of loading response in the gait cycle & what is the other limb doing?

A
  • shock absorption
  • WB stability
  • contralateral forward progression

contra limb in pre-swing

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8
Q

What is the objective of mid-stance in the gait cycle & what is the other limb doing?

A
  • progression of body over stance
  • trunk stability

contra limb in mid-swing

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9
Q

What is the objective of terminal stance in the gait cycle & what is the other limb doing?

A
  • propulsion

contra limb in terminal swing moving to IC

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10
Q

What is the objective of pre-swing in the gait cycle & what is the other limb doing?

A
  • propulsion

contra limb from IC to LR

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11
Q

What is the objective of initial swing in the gait cycle & what is the other limb doing?

A
  • limb shortening for foot clearance & acceleration

contra limb in early mid-stance

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12
Q

What is the objective of mid-swing in the gait cycle & what is the other limb doing?

A
  • forward momentum
  • shorten limb for clearance
  • limb advancement

*contra limb in late mid-stance

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13
Q

What is the objective of terminal swing in the gait cycle & what is the other limb doing?

A
  • limb advancement

contra limb in terminal stance

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14
Q

Explain the heel rocker as it pertains to when it occurs and what muscles control it

A

Happens during:
- IC to LR

Muscles:
- Pre-tibials control it ECC

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15
Q

Explain the ankle rocker as it pertains to when it occurs and what muscles control it

A

Happens during:
- LR to MStance

Muscles:
- PF’s ECC control tibial advancement

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16
Q

Explain the forefoot rocker as it pertains to when it occurs and what muscles control it

A

Happens during:
- MStance to TS

Muscles:
- PF ecc controlling tibia advancement

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17
Q

What are the three things that need to happen for a forefoot rocker?

A
  • locked ankle
  • heel rise
  • forward progression over forefoot
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18
Q

Explain the toe rocker as it pertains to when it occurs and what muscles control it

A

Happens during:
- TS to PreSw

Muscles:
- PF’s elastic recoil controls knee flexion, forward progression, and PF

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19
Q

What position is each joint in during initial contact? (Sagittal plane)

A

MTP - 15 ext
Ankle - 0
Knee - 0
Hip - 25 flex

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20
Q

What position is each joint in during loading response? (Sagittal plane)

A

MTP - 0
Ankle - 5 PF
Knee - 15 flex
Hip - 25 flex

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21
Q

What position is each joint in during mid-stance? (Sagittal plane)

A

MTP - 0
Ankle - 5 DF
Knee - 0
Hip - 0

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22
Q

What position is each joint in during terminal stance? (Sagittal plane)

A

MTP - 15-20 ext
Ankle - 10 DF
Knee - 0
Hip - 15 ext

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23
Q

What position is each joint in during pre-swing? (Sagittal plane)

A

MTP - 50 ext
Ankle - 15 PF
Knee - 40 flex
Hip - 0

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24
Q

What position is each joint in during initial swing? (Sagittal plane)

A

MTP - flexing to neutral
Ankle - 5 PF
Knee - 60 flex (peak)
Hip - 15 flex

25
What position is each joint in during mid-swing? (Sagittal plane)
MTP - 0 Ankle - 0 Knee - 25 flex Hip - 25 flex
26
What position is each joint in during terminal swing? (Sagittal plane)
MTP - 15 ext Ankle - 0 Knee - 0 Hip - 25 flex
27
What are the GRF's and muscle activations of initial contact at each joint? (Sagittal plane)
Ankle: GRF - PF moment MA - DF Ecc. Knee: GRF - EXT moment MA - flexors active (hamstrings) Hip: GRF - Flex moment MA - Hip ext concentric
28
What are the GRF's and muscle activations of loading response at each joint? (Sagittal plane)
Ankle: GRF - PF moment MA - DF ECC Knee: GRF - Flex moment MA - vasti group ECC Hip: GRF - flex moment MA - hip ext concentric
29
What are the GRF's and muscle activations of mid-stance at each joint? (Sagittal plane)
Ankle: GRF - DF moment MA - PF's ECC Knee: GRF - Ext moment MA - flexors (kinda - more neutral) Hip: GRF - Ext moment MA - hip flexors stabilize hip
30
What are the GRF's and muscle activations of terminal stance at each joint? (Sagittal plane)
Ankle: GRF - DF moment MA - PF's ECC (peak) Knee: GRF - Ext. moment MA - flexors Hip: GRF - Ext moment MA -iliopsoas ECC
31
What are the GRF's and muscle activations of pre-swing at each joint? (Sagittal plane)
Ankle: GRF - DF moment MA - PF elastic recoil Knee: GRF - Flex moment MA - really none Hip: GRF - ext moment MA - adductor longus, rectus femoris, iliopsoas concentric
32
What are the GRF's and muscle activations of initial swing at each joint? (Sagittal plane)
Ankle: GRF - NONE MA - NONE Knee: GRF - NONE MA - NONE Hip: GRF - NONE MA - iliacus & sartorius concentric
33
What are the GRF's and muscle activations of mid-swing at each joint? (Sagittal plane)
Ankle: GRF - NONE MA - DF concentric to neutral Knee: GRF - NONE MA - NONE Hip: GRF - NONE MA - iliacus & sartorius concentric; Bicep femoris LH & semimembranosus ECC
34
What are the GRF's and muscle activations of terminal swing at each joint? (Sagittal plane)
Ankle: GRF - NONE MA - DF concentric to neutral Knee: GRF - NONE MA - Vasti group concentric; hamstrings ECC (peak) Hip: GRF - NONE MA - Hip ext ECC
35
What are the GRF's and muscle activations of initial contact at each joint? (Frontal plane)
Ankle: GRF - pronation & eversion moment MA - ant. & post. tibialis invert ECC
36
What are the GRF's and muscle activations of loading response at each joint? (Frontal plane)
Ankle: GRF - calcaneal EV w/ pronation moment MA - ant. & post. tib. ECC Knee: GRF - Varus moment MA - NONE Hip: GRF - add moment MA - Hip abductors ECC
37
What are the GRF's and muscle activations of mid-stance at each joint? (Frontal plane)
Ankle: *TTJ early = unlocked; late = locked* GRF - early pronation; late supination MA - Early: post. tib. ECC; Late: post. tib. concentric Knee: GRF - varus moment MA - NONE Hip: GRF - add moment = PEAK MA - abductors (glute med) ECC
38
What are the GRF's and muscle activations of terminal stance at each joint? (Frontal plane)
Ankle: *TTJ locked* GRF - calcaneal IV w/ tibial ER; subtalar supination MA - post. tib. & fibularis concentric Knee: GRF - varus moment MA - NONE Hip: GRF - add moment MA - abductors toward neutral concentric (TFL)
39
What are the GRF's and muscle activations of pre-swing at each joint? (Frontal plane)
Ankle: GRF - calcaneal IV and subtalar supination MA - NONE Knee: GRF - varus to neutral MA - NONE Hip: GRF - add to neutral MA - NONE
40
What are the GRF's and muscle activations of initial swing at each joint? (Frontal plane)
Ankle: GRF - NONE MA - NONE Knee: GRF - NONE MA - NONE Hip: GRF - ipsilateral pelvic drop MA - hip abducted
41
What are the GRF's and muscle activations of mid-swing at each joint? (Frontal plane)
Ankle: GRF - NONE MA - NONE Knee: GRF - NONE MA - NONE Hip: GRF - ipsilateral pelvic elevation MA - hip adducting
42
What are the GRF's and muscle activations of terminal swing at each joint? (Frontal plane)
Ankle: GRF - NONE MA - NONE Knee: GRF - NONE MA - NONE Hip: GRF - ipsilateral pelvic elevation MA - hip adducting
43
What are the critical events of initial contact?
Heel rocker: - pre-tibials ECC control ankle PF
44
What are the critical events of loading response?
- finished heel rocker - controlled knee flexion & ankle PF - hip stabilized during weight transfer
45
What are the critical events of mid-stance?
- ankle rocker - ground reaction force vector advances from posterior to anterior ankle
46
What are the critical events of terminal stance?
- hip ext - forefoot rocker (controlled DF & heel rise)
47
What are the critical events of pre-swing?
- thigh flex to neutral - passive knee flexion - ankle PF - toe rocker
48
What are the critical events of initial swing?
- hip flex - knee flex = foot clearance
49
What are the critical events of mid-swing?
- ankle DF to neural *for foot clearance* - hip flex - knee starts to extend
50
What are the critical events of terminal swing?
- knee ext. to neutral
51
What happens during initial contact in the horizontal plane?
Knee: - slight ER Hip: - 5 degrees ER (peak) Pelvis: - 3-5 degrees forward rotation (peak)
52
What happens during loading response in the horizontal plane?
Knee: - IR to peak 5 degrees Hip: - IR toward neutral (ECC hip ER's) Pelvis: - 3-5 degrees forward rotation (peak)
53
What happens during mid-stance in the horizontal plane?
Knee: - ERing toward neutral Hip: - IR to neutral (screw home mechanism) Pelvis: - NONE
54
What happens during terminal stance in the horizontal plane?
Knee: - ER to neutral Hip: *CCP* - Internally rotating Pelvis: - rotating backward which contributes to step length
55
What happens during pre swing in the horizontal plane?
Knee: - neutral Hip: - internally rotating Pelvis: - rotating backward 3-5 (peak)
56
What happens during initial swing in the horizontal plane?
Knee: - neutral Hip: - internally rotating Pelvis: - rotating backward 3-5 (peak)
57
What happens during mid swing in the horizontal plane?
Knee: - externally rotating to 5 degrees Hip: - IR to 5 degrees (peak) Pelvis: - forward rotation 3-5 degrees
58
What happens during terminal swing in the horizontal plane?
Knee: - internally rotating to neutral Hip: - externally rotation to 5 degrees (peak) Pelvis: - forward rotation 3-5 degrees

Unit 3 Biomechanics Winter 2024 (8 decks)

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