GAIT Cycle Flashcards
Cycle of movements in walking is usually divided into two phases:
Stance and Swing
Stance Phase is shorter or longer and what percentage?
60%
Swing Phase is shorter or longer and what percentage?
40%
Double support cycle occurs in what percentage of walking?
10%
Walking Cycle includes
Heel Strike
Full foot or foot flat
Mid-stance
Heel-off
Toe-off
Acceleration
Mid-swing
Deceleration
Stance phase is from Heel Strike to
Toe-off
Swing Phase is from Toe-off to
Heel Strike
Average walking cadence is
120 steps/min
Each full cycle is how many seconds?
1 second
Double support occurs 10% of time but decreases as speed increases or increases as speed decreases?
Decreases as speed increases
With increasing speed, stance and swing will eventually become
The same length
Running has period of
No support
Note which one has the right order:
A. Heel Strike Mid-Stance Decelaration Acceleration
B. Heel-off Toe-off Mid-Swing Heel Strike
B.
Factors Affecting Normal Gait
Individual Characteristics: Habit, Weight, Posture
Fitness: if fit, gait is springy; if weak or tired, gait may alter
Speed
Gender
Ground Condition/Friction
Footwear
Clothing
Elements of Normal Gait
Proper Alignment: Head erect, Shoulders Level, Trunk Vertical
Reciprocal Arm Swing–arms travel same distance but alternate
Equal Stride Length
Synchronized timing
Body undergoes vertical oscillations that are definite and have even tempo
When one leg is forward, the opposite arm moves forward as well
Trunk and Upper extremity rotate in opposite directions
Stance should be longer than swing
Movement of the Centre of Gravity has the Highest and Lowest Peak when
Highest Peak occurs during Single Limb Support
Lowest Peak occurs during Double Stance
Stance Phase, name 5 descriptions:
Begins at Heel Strike
Leading leg prepares to receive the body weight transferred from the trailing leg
Hip and Knee extensors work to stabilize leg
Hip Abductors and Adductors stabilize the pelvis
Hip Extends until Heel Rises, then Hip and Knee Flex
Swing Phase, describe 4 things during this phase:
After toe-off, trailing leg is lifted from the ground and starts to swing forward
Hip flexors start the swing
Leg swings like pendulum
Swinging leg carries pelvis forward on that side (so pelvis on that side is facing anteromedially). Femur must rotate laterally so toes will point ahead.
Supination is the combination of (“in”)
Inversion of the Calcaneus
Adduction of the Forefoot and
This is when you can only see the Big Toes
Pronation is the combination of
Eversion of the Calcaneus
Abduction of the Forefoot and
This is when you can see the Little Toes
What is the cause of Antalgic Gait?
Pain in a Weight-bearing Joint
What are the clinical finding in an Antalgic Gait?
Decreased stance to reduce pain or keep off leg as much as possible
What is the cause of Arthrogenic Gait?
Stiffness in joint
What are the clinical findings in an Arthogenic Gait?
Lack of motion may be compensated by other joints
Hip hiking
Circumduction of Hip
Excessive Plantarflexion of ankle
What is the cause of Trendelenburg Gait?
Weakness of Gluteus Medius or
Unstable Hip
What are the clinical findings in the Trendelenburg Gait?
Weakness of Gluteus Medius causes dropping of pelvis on unsupported side so patient’s trunk sways over affected side
(If patient has weakness of Gluteus Medius on the right, when he stands on his right leg, the pelvis will drop on the left side and his trunk will sway over the right side.)
What is the cause of Ataxic Gait?
Cerebellar Problem: Loss of balance and Coordination
What is the cause of Slapping Gait/ Foot Drop Gait
Weakness of Tibialis Anterior
What are the clinical findings in the Ataxic Gait?
Jerky Wide Base and Poor Balance
What are the clinical findings in the Slapping Gait or Foot Drop Gait?
Knee is lifter higher than normal and foot slaps ground
What is the cause of Parkinson Gait?
Parkinson’s Disease
What are the clinical findings in the Parkinson Gait?
Shuffling Gait,
Difficulty starting and stopping,
Flexed Posture
What are the clinical findings in the Spastic or Scissor Gait?
Knees rub and great effort is required to bring legs forward
What is the cause of Spastic or Scissor Gait?
Overactivity of adductors,
extensors and
internal rotators of Hip
What is the cause of Waddling Gait?
Guillain-Barre Syndrome
What are the clinic findings in the of Waddling
General weakness of supporting muscles of pelvis–trunk thrown from side to side
What are the clinical findings when a person has the Complete Vision Loss Gait?
Lean back until foot on ground before shifting weight forward
What are the clinical findings when a person has an Artificial Limb?
Use hip to extend knee and lock it if above knee amp.
Concerning the Trendelenburg Gait, and the right side is affected? When you stand on the _________ side, the ___________ side of the pelvis drops and the trunk sways over the ________ side.
Right
Left
Right
Which muscles work most of the time throughout stance and swing to prevent slapping foot?
Dorsiflexors
Which muscles work at ankle at push off to propel body forward?
Plantarflexors
Which muscles prevent stiff knee contact at heel strike?
Hamstrings
Which muscles work throughout much of swing phase to bring hip forward?
Hip Flexors
Which muscles prevent knee from buckling during weightbearing?
Quadriceps
Which muscles prevent pelvis from dropping on unsupported side during swing?
Hip Abductors
Which muscles stabilize body on pelvis?
Hip Adductors
Which muscles contract at heel strike to keep hip from collapsing?
Hip Extensors
Which muscles stabilize vertebral column (balances trunk)?
Erector Spinae
