Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

PEDS 6034 > Gait Cycle > Flashcards

Gait Cycle Flashcards

1
Q

the fundamental component of human locomotion

A

the gait cycle

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

one complete gait cycle starts/ends

A

anatomical interactions occurring
start = moment foot first contacts the ground
end = moment same foot again makes ground contact with next step

any event can actually be chosen, but initial contact most convenient

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

2 phases of gait cycle

A

stance + swing

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

stance phase

A

lower extremity contacting the ground

AKA support phase or contact phase
initial contact to toe off

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

swing phase

A

lower extremity is swinging through the air preparing for the next impact

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

typical gait cycle duration and phase timing when walking

A

1 second duration

  1. 6s stance
  2. 4s swing
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

3 subdivisions of stance phase

A

contact, midstance, propulsive period

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

open-chain motions

A

swing phase

distal end of kinetic chain freely mobile

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

closed-chain motions

A

stance phase

distal end of kinetic chain is fixed by ground-reactive forces

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

walking % stance phase contact/midstance/propulsive period

A

contact = 27% (0-27%)
midstance = 40% (27-67%)
propulsive period = 33% (67-100%)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

running % stance phase contact/midstance/propulsive period

A

contact = 20% (0-20%)
midstance = 25% (20-45%)
propulsive period = 55% (45-100%)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

contact period

A

first part of stance phase

beginning at touchdown and ending when entire forefoot makes ground contact

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

midstance period

A

second part of stance phase

body’s center of mass is “vaulting” over the stance phase foot

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

propulsive period

A

final part of stance phase

beginning with heel leaving the ground and ending when tips of the phalanges no longer make ground contact

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

stance phase periods % of entire gait cycle

A

contact = 18% (0-18%)
midstance = 24% (18-42%)
propulsive period = 20% (42-62%)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

keys (determinants) to metabolically efficient gait

A 
pelvic rotation
pelvic tilt
knee flex/ext during stance
hip-ankle-knee interactions
lateral pelvic displacement
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

in terms of energy: metabolically efficient gait

A

translate center of mass through space along path requiring least expenditure of energy

flattening of the pathway of the center of mass through space

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

is having a flat pathway of the center of mass through space best

A

no; metabolically expensive (e.g. exaggerated knee flexion)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

defining difference between walking and running

A

center of mass during midstance
walking = high point
running = low point

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

can airborne phase be used to distinguish walking from running

A

no; slow running has no airborne phase

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

Weber paradox

A

when a muscle is fully stretched or shortened, contact between the muscle filaments is diminished and the muscle is weakened

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

how does Weber paradox apply to gait

A

explaining walk-run transition preferences; walking slowly, running fast preferred over walking quickly and running slowly

23
Q

2 requirements for initiation of gait cycle

A

1 postural adjustment (interactions between proprioceptive and motor systems)
2 motor commands for volitional movement

24
Q

what makes initiation of gait cycle complex

A

motor circuits for postural adjustments and motor commands for volitional movement function independently

25
Q

2 pitfalls of “normal” gait

A

1 needs to be chose for the individual (e.g. elderly female vs physically fit young man)
2 differing from normal does not necessarily mean undesirable or requiring correction

26
Q

7 major events during gait cycle

A 
1 initial contact
2 opposite toe off
3  heel rise
4 opposite initial contact
5 toe off
6 feet adjacent
7 tibia vertical
27
Q

7 periods during gait cycle

A 
1 loading response (stance)
2 mid-stance
3 terminal stance
4 pre-swing (stance)
5 initial swing
6 mid-swing
7 terminal swing
28
Q

cycle time

A

duration of a complete gait cycle

29
Q

double support

A

initial contact for one foot occurs while other foot is still on the ground

AKA double limb stance

30
Q

single limb stance

A

during swing phase on the left side, only the right foot is on the ground

AKA right/left single support

31
Q

leading leg in double support

A

leg in front

in loading response AKA braking double response, initial double support, weight acceptance

32
Q

trailing leg in double support

A

leg behind

in pre-swing AKA weight release or second/terminal/thrusting double support

33
Q

phase that occurs in some forms of running, differing from walking

A

flight phase AKA float, double-float, non-support phase

replaces double support phase; neither foot is on ground

34
Q

stride length (meters)

A

distance between two successive placements of the SAME foot

consists of two step lengths (L/R)

35
Q

step length (meters)

A

distance one foot moves in front of another; DIFFERENT feet

36
Q

step length in pathological gait

A

typically different between R/L

e.g. one foot takes a step forward, the other is brought up beside it, step length = 0 or even a negative value

37
Q

stride length step length in pathological gait

A

always the same L/R unless individual walking around a curve (inside leg shorter)

38
Q

drawback to stride definition

A

non-pathological gait cycle = consists of one step by each foot

some pathological cycles = consists of HOPPING on same foot while other foot is in the air

39
Q

walking base (millimeters)

A

side-to-side distance measured between the line of the two feet

usually measured at midpoint of back heel, but sometimes below center of ankle joint
AKA stride width or base of support

40
Q

walking base = 0

A

tandem gait = one foot placed directly in front of the other while walking

41
Q

toe out/in (degrees)

A

angle between the direction of progression and a reference line on the sole of the foot (typically midline of foot, judged by eye)

42
Q

utilized coefficient of friction

A

ratio of horizontal to vertical forces acting on foot; determines if foot slips (utilized coefficient > actual coefficient between foot/ground)

0.35-0.40 generally sufficient to prevent slippage

43
Q

cadence

A

number of steps taken in a given time

measure of half cycles (bc two steps in a cycle)

44
Q

speed of walking (m/s)

A

distance covered by whole body in a given time

45
Q

step factor

A

step factor = step length / leg length

account for differences in size; speed may be expressed in statures per second

46
Q

walk ratio

A

walk ratio = step length / step rate

47
Q

butterfly diagram

A

representation of ground reaction force vector at 10 ms intervals progressing from L to R

48
Q

redundancy of muscular system

A

if a particular muscle cannot be used, its functions may be taken over by another muscle or group of muscles

49
Q

5 main functions of walking gait

A

1 support head, arms, TRUNK via semirigid lower limb
2 maintain upright posture + BALANCE
3 control FOOT to clear obstacles and gently land (eccentric)
4 generate mechanical energy (concentric) to influence VELOCITY
5 SHOCK ABSORPTION and stability, reduce forward velocity of body (eccentric)

50
Q

3 functional tasks required in gait, which is why patterns tend to be variable pre-7 yrs

A

1 forward progression in a range of speeds
2 body balanced alternately on each limb
3 support of upright body

51
Q

3 ways to measure different aspects of gait analysis

A

1 force platforms (ground reaction forces)
2 electromyography (muscle activity)
3 high-speed video motion analysis system (movement)

52
Q

spatial descriptor gait

A

Foot in space

stride length, step length, step width, foot angle

53
Q

temporal descriptor gait

A

Foot in time

cadence, stride time, step time

PEDS 6034 (4 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions