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Kines > gait analysis > Flashcards

gait analysis Flashcards

1
Q

what makes up the gait cycle?

A

60% stance and 40% swing

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2
Q

what quantifies as one complete gait cycle?

A

heel strike of 1 foot to heel strike of the same foot

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3
Q

what are the traditional phases of the gait cycle?

A

heel strike
foot flat
midstance
heel off
toe off
acceleration
midswing
deceleration

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4
Q

what are the rancho los amigos (RLA) terminology for the phases in the gait cycle?

A

initial contact
loading response
midstance
terminal stance
preswing
initial swing
midswing
terminal swing

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5
Q

what is needed for a phase?

A

a contraction type change
direction type change
add or take away force
a start and an end

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6
Q

what is the RLA definition for initial contact?

A

instant heel contacts the ground

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7
Q

what is the RLA definition for loading response?

A

from heel contact to foot flat. “phase” continues until contralateral limb lifts off the ground

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8
Q

what is a double support phase mean?

A

when both feet are on the ground

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9
Q

What does the loading response phase end and start?

A

Ends double support phase, beginning stance phase

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10
Q

How can double support time increase or when would we expect to see it. Increase?

A

With decrease cadence. Would expect to see it with balance/vestibular disorders and/or age (young or old)

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11
Q

What percent of the gait cycle are we in double stance phase for?

A

22%

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12
Q

What is the RLA definition of mid stance phase?

A

From foot flat position until the body is supported over the weight bearing limb. Begins when the contra lateral extremity lifts off the ground

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13
Q

What is the RLA definition of terminal stance?

A

From mid stance through heel off of the WB extremity. From mid stance until initial contact of contra lateral extremity

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14
Q

What is the RLA definition of preswing phase?

A

From heel off until toe off of the WB extremity

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15
Q

What is the RLA definition of initial swing?

A

From toe off until maximum knee flexión of ipsilateral extremity (thigh is perpendicular to the floor)

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16
Q

What is the RLA definition of mid swing?

A

From maximum knee flexión until tibia is in a vertical position

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17
Q

What is the RLA definition of terminal swing phase?

A

From vertical tibia position until just before initial contact of the ipsilateral extremity

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18
Q

What quantifies a step?

A

Initial contact of one foot to initial contact of other foot

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19
Q

What quantifies one stride?

A

1 Gait cycle (heel contact of one foot to heel contact of the same foot)

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20
Q

Where is the COM in the body?

A

Anterior to S2

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21
Q

Which planes are displaced during gait?

A

Sagittal and frontal plane

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22
Q

What occurs in the sagittal plane during gait?

A

5 cm displacement superior-inferior
Max during simultaneous mid stance and mid swing
Min during double support

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23
Q

What occurs in the frontal plane during gait?

A

Max just after mid stance as BW is shifted over stance limb
Increased step width allows greater med./lat. displacement of COM
Narrow width= less energy expended= increased efficiency

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24
Q

during gait adjustments are made by the pelvis, hips, knees, and ankles… why is this?

A

to preserve energy

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25
Q

when does the lateral pelvic tilt/hemipelvic depression occur?

A

during midswing

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26
Q

what happens during the lateral pelvic tilt?

A

COM reaches highest point, slight depression of unsupported limb minimizes rise of COM

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27
Q

who is the agonist and antagonist during the lateral pelvic tilt?

A

agonist- gravity
antagonist- skeletal muscle

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28
Q

which movement reduces the rise of the COM during midstance?

A

knee flexion

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29
Q

coordinations of knee, ankle and foot kinematic interactions are to create what?

A

a smooth sinusoidal curve

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30
Q

what are the positions of the knee, talocrural joint and subtalar joint from initial contact through loading response?

A

knee flexion
TC PF
subtalar pronation

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31
Q

what is occurring from initial contact through loading response from the knee down?

A

relative shortening of extremity preventing an abrupt rise in COM after heel strike
without this we would see a sharp rise in COM as tibia would be over talus

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32
Q

what are the positions of the knee, talocrural joint and subtalar joint from midstance through terminal stance?

A

knee extension
TC PF
subtalar supination

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33
Q

what is occurring from midstance through terminal stance from the knee down?

A

COM is lowering, slows decent of COM by a relative lengthening of stance limb

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34
Q

forward rotation of the pelvis is seen with which extremity and approximately how much?

A

swing extremity
4-8mm on swing side

35
Q

at initial contact what is the position of the right ankle (TC)?

A

neutral 0º in sagittal plane

36
Q

at initial contact what is the position of the right subtalar joint?

37
Q

at initial contact what is the position of the right toes (MTP’s)?

A

15º extension

38
Q

during loading response what is the position of the right ankle (TC)?

39
Q

during loading response what is the position of the right subtalar?

A

commences pronation

40
Q

during loading response what is the position of the right toes (MTP’s)?

41
Q

during midstance what is the position of the right ankle (TC)?

42
Q

during midstance what is the position of the right subtalar joint?

A

completes pronation starts supination

43
Q

during midstance what is the position of the right toes (MTP’s)?

44
Q

during terminal stance what is the position of the right ankle (TC)?

45
Q

during terminal stance what is the position of the right subtalar joint?

A

supinated or supinating

46
Q

during terminal stance what is the position of the right toes (MTP’s)?

A

extension to 30º

47
Q

during preswing what is the position of the right ankle (TC)?

A

PF to 20º

48
Q

during preswing what is the position of the right subtalar joint?

49
Q

during preswing what is the position of the right toes (MTP’s)?

A

50-60º extension

50
Q

during initial swing what is the position of the right ankle (TC)?

51
Q

during initial swing what is the position of the right subtalar joint?

52
Q

during initial swing what is the position of the right toes (MTP’s)?

A

flexing (back to neutral)

53
Q

during midswing what is the position of the right ankle (TC)?

54
Q

during midswing what is the position of the right subtalar joint?

55
Q

during midswing what is the position of the right toes (MTP’s)?

56
Q

during terminal swing what is the position of the right ankle (TC)?

57
Q

during terminal swing what is the position of the subtalar?

58
Q

during terminal swing what is the position of the right toes (MTP’s)?

A

15º extension

59
Q

if a patient is planning to sit what is the desired motion?

A

flexion moment

60
Q

if a patient is planning to stand what is the undesired motion?

A

flexion moment

61
Q

if a patient is planning to sit what is the contraction type and why?

A

eccentric:
agonist- gravity
antagonist- skeletal muscle

62
Q

if a patient is planning to stand what is the contraction type and why?

A

concentric
agonist- skeletal muscle
antagonist- gravity

63
Q

during loading response the ankle acts __________?

A

eccentric (tibialis anterior)

64
Q

during midstance the ankle acts __________?

A

eccentric (triceps surae)

65
Q

during terminal stance the ankle acts __________?

A

concentric (triceps surae)

66
Q

during preswing the ankle acts __________?

A

concentric (triceps surae)

67
Q

during initial swing the ankle acts __________?

A

concentric (tibialis anterior)

68
Q

during midswing the ankle acts __________?

A

concentric (tibialis anterior)

69
Q

during terminal stance the ankle acts __________?

A

isometric (tibialis anterior)

70
Q

at initial contact what is the position of the right knee joint?

A

full extension
screw home

71
Q

during loading response/foot flat what is the position of the right knee joint?

A

15º flexion (=15º flexion IC through LR)
IR tibia (ER femur) = unlocking screw home

72
Q

during midstance what is the position of the right knee joint?

A

5º flexion (=10º extension from LR through MS)
obligatory ER (IR femur)

73
Q

during terminal stance/heel off what is the position of the right knee joint?

A

full extension (=5º of extension from MSt through TSt)
completes screw home

74
Q

during preswing/toe off what is the position of the right knee joint?

A

flexion to 30º

75
Q

during initial swing/acceleration what is the position of the right knee joint?

A

flexion to 60º

76
Q

during midswing what is the position of the right knee joint?

A

flexion to 30º (=30º extension from ISw through MSw)

77
Q

during terminal swing/deceleration what is the position of the right knee joint?

A

extension to 0º (=30º extension from MS to TS)

78
Q

during loading response the knee acts __________?

A

eccentric (quads)

79
Q

during midstance the knee acts __________?

A

concentric to then no activity of quads

80
Q

during terminal stance the knee acts __________?

A

no muscle activity

81
Q

during preswing the knee acts __________?

A

eccentric (quads)

82
Q

during initial swing the knee acts __________?

A

concentric (hamstrings)

83
Q

during midswing the knee acts __________?

A

eccentric (hamstrings)

84
Q

during terminal swing the knee acts __________?

A

brief concentric quads and then eccentric hamstring (secondary to momentum)

Kines (20 decks)

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