Ankle and foot pt 1 Flashcards
how many bones are in the ankle/foot?
28 bones
how many joints are in the ankle/foot?
25 joints
what are some similarities between the ankle/foot and hand/wrist?
radius articulates with carpus, tibia with tarsus
7 carpal bones 7 tarsal bones
both have metacarpals/tarsals and phalanges
what is an embryological difference with the lower extremities?
long bones of the LE IR/MR so the great toe is medial, the top of the foot is the dorsal side, and plantigrade position of foot allows for walking and standing
what motion is anterior on the talocrural axis?
dorsiflexion
what motion is posterior on the talocrural axis?
plantarflexion
what motion is medial on the subtalar axis?
supination
what motion is lateral on the subtalar axis?
pronation
what are the conflicting functions of the ankle-foot?
stability vs mobility
what are some stability aspects of the ankle and foot?
provide stable BOS
act as a rigid lever
what are some mobility aspects of the ankle and foot?
dampen LE rotation
adapt to varied surface
flexible to absorb shock
what are the 3 functional foot segments?
forefoot
midfoot
hindfot
what makes up the forefoot?
metatarsals and phalanges
what makes up the midfoot?
navicular, cuboid, and 3 cuneiforms
what makes up the hindfoot?
talus and calcaneus
what is the segmental foot function of the hindfoot?
coverts LE transverse plane motion into sagittal, frontal and horizontal plane motion
what is the segmental foot function of the midfoot?
transmits hindfoot motion to forefoot
promotes stability of foot
heavily influenced hind foot
what is the segmental foot function of the forefoot?
Adapts to terrain
Heavily influenced by hindfoot
What action is created with varus?
Inversion
What action is created with valgus?
Eversion
If the axes in the ankle and foot with orthogonal what motions occur around the vertical axis?
Abduction and adduction
If the axes in the ankle and foot with orthogonal what motions occur around the coronal axis?
Dorsiflexion and plantarflexion
If the axes in the ankle and foot with orthogonal what motions occur around the longitudinal axis?
Inversion and eversion
When the foot and ankle is pronated what motions occur?
dorsiflexion
Eversion
Abduction
When the foot and ankle is supinated what motions occur?
Plantarflexion
Inversion
Adduction
What makes up the próxima portion of the talocrural joint?
Distal tibia and distal fibula with the talus
What is the talocrural structure in the frontal plane?
A mortise
What is the asymmetry of the lateral and medial malleloi in the frontal plane?
The lateral malleolus is lower than the medial malleolus
What is the asymmetry of the lateral and medial malleloi in the transverse plane?
Lateral malleolus is more posterior and distal
What is the asymmetry of the lateral and medial malleloi in the sagittal plane?
The medial malleoli is anterior and superior
What is the closed pack position of the distal talocrural joint?
Dorsiflexion
What is interesting about the talus in the transverse plane?
Talus body width is greater anterior than posterior up to (25%)
It is wider anterior than posterior which contributes to the closed pack position in DF because wider will push out slightly and promote stability
At the distal talocrural joint what object is resembled?
A truncated cone with the apes directed medically
The lateral talar surface area is greater than the medial
The greater the surface area the more….
Work/ movement
which ligaments are on the medial side of the foot?
medial (deltoid) ligament
plantar calcaneonavicular ligament
posterior talotibial ligament
which ligaments are on the lateral side of the foot?
anterior talotibial ligament
anterior talofibular ligament
calcaneofibular ligament
dorsal tarsometatarsal ligament
intermetatarsal ligament
what 3 bands make up the medial (deltoid) ligament?
calcaneotibial
anterior talotibia
tibionavicular
what is the medial (deltoid) ligament a check rein to?
eversion
what is the plantar calcaneonavicular ligament a check rein to?
pronation and eversion
what is the plantar calcaneonavicular ligament known as and what does it do?
the spring ligament. Because it is a spring mechanism as the arch rises to lower the support. it is a hammock for the navicular when it is tension loaded when pronated it supports the navicular from dropping
what is the posterior talotibial ligament a check rein to?
dorsiflexion and eversion
what is the posterior talofibular ligament (PTFL) a check rein to?
dorsiflexion and inversion
what is the calcaneofibular (CFL) ligament a check rein to?
inversion
what is the anterior talofibular (ATFL) a check rein to?
plantarflexion and inversion