Gait analysis

Question 1

Gait: Purposes of -

Concentric actions vs.
Eccentric actions

Answer 1

Concentric: mechanical energy to initiate, maintain, increase fwd velocity

Eccentric: Proprioceptive (gentle heel/toe landing), stability, shock abosrption, decrease velocity

Question 2

Gait is the simple act of ____

Semi-rigid lower limb _____

Answer 2

Falling fwd and catching self

Supports upper body

Question 3

Stance phase % vs Swing phase

Double support % vs. single support % in each

Answer 3

60%-40% (foot not on ground, moving fwd)

Double support 10%-> Single support 40% -> 10% Double (end of stance phase)
-> 40% single support (swing phase)

Question 4

Stance phase aka’s

Initial contact
Foot Flat
Single-leg stance
Heel off
Toe off

Answer 4

Heel strike
Loading response
Midstance
Terminal Stance
Pre-Swing

Question 5

Heel strike
Goal
Mm Groups

Answer 5

Position foot, start deceleration

Ankle dorsiflx, Knee flexors, hip extensors

Question 6

Heel strike

Jt osteokinematics

Answer 6

Hip: FLX toward EXT
Knee: Full EXT
Ankle: Moving to PLTFLX
Foot: Supination (rigid)

Question 7

Heel strike
Pain &
Compensation

Answer 7

P) -Heel spur, bursitis

Compensation: Incr knee FLX w/ early PLTFLX (avoid heel)

Question 8

Heel strike
Knee weakness &
Compensation

Answer 8

(Weak quads) - Reflex inhibition,
Poliomyelitis, internal derangement, N. root lesion (L2-4) - Tib Ant.

Compensation: Hand assist to extend knee; hit heel on ground to whip knee into EXT

Question 9

Heel strike
Foot drop
Compensation

Answer 9

DorsiFLX weakness from peroneal neuropath or L4 nerve root lesion

Compensation: nothing

Question 10

Loading Response
Goal
Mm Group

Answer 10

Accept weight, stabilize pelvis, decelerate

Knee extensors, hip abductors, ankle plantar FLXrs

Question 11

Loading Response

Osteokinematics

Answer 11

Foot: Pronation (surface adaptation)
Ankle: PLTFLX
Knee: twds EXT
Hip: EXT

Question 12

Loading response

Abn. Knee motion due to___

Answer 12

Weak quads, PLTFLX contrac, spasticity (too much or none)

Question 13

Midstance
Goals
Mm Group

Answer 13

Stabilize knee, preserve momentum

Mm: Ankle PLTFLX - Isometric

Question 14

Midstance
Pain
Compensation

Answer 14

Hip, knee, ankle pathos. Trendelenburg Sign

Compesation: Phase shortened, heel lifts early

Question 15

Midstance

Osteokinematics

Answer 15

Foot: Neutral
Ankle: DorsiFLX
Knee: FLX towards EXT
Hip: Neutral

Question 16

Terminal Stance
Goal:
Mm Group:

Answer 16

Accelerate mass

ankle PLTFLX (concentric)1

Question 17

Terminal Stance

Osteokinematics

Answer 17

Foot: Supination (rigid)
Ankle: DorsiFLX twd PF
Knee: FLX moving to EXT
Hip: EXT

Question 18

Pre-swing
Goal:
Mm group:

Answer 18

Prepare for swing

hip flx

Question 19

Pre-swing

Osteokinematics

Answer 19

Hip: EXT
Knee: Full EXT to FLX
Ankle: PLATFLX
Foot: Supination

Question 20

Pre-swing
P)
Compesnation

PLFLX weakness
Compensation

Answer 20

P) in hallux
Push off LAT aspect of foot

S1-S2 nerve root patho
Push off absent

Question 21

Swing Phase akas

Acceleration
Midswing
Deceleration

Answer 21

Initial Swing
Midswing

Terminal swing

Question 22

Initial Swing

Goal
Mm groups

Answer 22

Clear foot,* vary candence

Ankle DorsiFLX, hip FLX*

Question 23

Midswing
Goal
Mm Group

Btw Initial & Midswing, other leg phase is _____

Answer 23

Clear ft
Ankle DorsiFLX

Midstance

Question 24

Intial Swing to Midswing

Osteokinematics

Answer 24

Hip - FLX
Knee - FLX
Foot - Pronation
Ankle: DorsiFLX

Question 25

Intial Swing
Weakness
Compesation

Answer 25

Quads

Compesation: Trunk Mm thrust pelvis fwd for momentum to leg

Question 26

Midswing
Dorsiflx weakness
Compesnation

Answer 26

Foot drop

Steppage gait - excess hip FLX (“pony walk”)

Question 27

Terminal Swing
Goal
Mm Group

Answer 27

Decelerate leg, *position foot, prepare for heel strike

Knee FLX, hip EXT, ankle DORSIFLX, Knee EXT*

Question 28

Midswing to Terminal Swing

Osteokin

Answer 28

Foot: Supination
Ankle: Neutral
Knee: EXT
Hip: FLX