Gait analysis Flashcards
Gait: Purposes of -
Concentric actions vs.
Eccentric actions
Concentric: mechanical energy to initiate, maintain, increase fwd velocity
Eccentric: Proprioceptive (gentle heel/toe landing), stability, shock abosrption, decrease velocity
Gait is the simple act of ____
Semi-rigid lower limb _____
Falling fwd and catching self
Supports upper body
Stance phase % vs Swing phase
Double support % vs. single support % in each
60%-40% (foot not on ground, moving fwd)
Double support 10%-> Single support 40% -> 10% Double (end of stance phase)
-> 40% single support (swing phase)
Stance phase aka’s
Initial contact Foot Flat Single-leg stance Heel off Toe off
Heel strike Loading response Midstance Terminal Stance Pre-Swing
Heel strike
Goal
Mm Groups
Position foot, start deceleration
Ankle dorsiflx, Knee flexors, hip extensors
Heel strike
Jt osteokinematics
Hip: FLX toward EXT
Knee: Full EXT
Ankle: Moving to PLTFLX
Foot: Supination (rigid)
Heel strike
Pain &
Compensation
P) -Heel spur, bursitis
Compensation: Incr knee FLX w/ early PLTFLX (avoid heel)
Heel strike
Knee weakness &
Compensation
(Weak quads) - Reflex inhibition,
Poliomyelitis, internal derangement, N. root lesion (L2-4) - Tib Ant.
Compensation: Hand assist to extend knee; hit heel on ground to whip knee into EXT
Heel strike
Foot drop
Compensation
DorsiFLX weakness from peroneal neuropath or L4 nerve root lesion
Compensation: nothing
Loading Response
Goal
Mm Group
Accept weight, stabilize pelvis, decelerate
Knee extensors, hip abductors, ankle plantar FLXrs
Loading Response
Osteokinematics
Foot: Pronation (surface adaptation)
Ankle: PLTFLX
Knee: twds EXT
Hip: EXT
Loading response
Abn. Knee motion due to___
Weak quads, PLTFLX contrac, spasticity (too much or none)
Midstance
Goals
Mm Group
Stabilize knee, preserve momentum
Mm: Ankle PLTFLX - Isometric
Midstance
Pain
Compensation
Hip, knee, ankle pathos. Trendelenburg Sign
Compesation: Phase shortened, heel lifts early
Midstance
Osteokinematics
Foot: Neutral
Ankle: DorsiFLX
Knee: FLX towards EXT
Hip: Neutral
Terminal Stance
Goal:
Mm Group:
Accelerate mass
ankle PLTFLX (concentric)1
Terminal Stance
Osteokinematics
Foot: Supination (rigid)
Ankle: DorsiFLX twd PF
Knee: FLX moving to EXT
Hip: EXT
Pre-swing
Goal:
Mm group:
Prepare for swing
hip flx
Pre-swing
Osteokinematics
Hip: EXT
Knee: Full EXT to FLX
Ankle: PLATFLX
Foot: Supination
Pre-swing
P)
Compesnation
PLFLX weakness
Compensation
P) in hallux
Push off LAT aspect of foot
S1-S2 nerve root patho
Push off absent
Swing Phase akas
Acceleration
Midswing
Deceleration
Initial Swing
Midswing
Terminal swing
Initial Swing
Goal
Mm groups
Clear foot,* vary candence
Ankle DorsiFLX, hip FLX*
Midswing
Goal
Mm Group
Btw Initial & Midswing, other leg phase is _____
Clear ft
Ankle DorsiFLX
Midstance
Intial Swing to Midswing
Osteokinematics
Hip - FLX
Knee - FLX
Foot - Pronation
Ankle: DorsiFLX
Intial Swing
Weakness
Compesation
Quads
Compesation: Trunk Mm thrust pelvis fwd for momentum to leg
Midswing
Dorsiflx weakness
Compesnation
Foot drop
Steppage gait - excess hip FLX (“pony walk”)
Terminal Swing
Goal
Mm Group
Decelerate leg, *position foot, prepare for heel strike
Knee FLX, hip EXT, ankle DORSIFLX, Knee EXT*
Midswing to Terminal Swing
Osteokin
Foot: Supination
Ankle: Neutral
Knee: EXT
Hip: FLX
