Gait Flashcards
Initial Swing - Hip
20* flexion
Midswing - hip
20-30* flexion
Terminal Swing - hip
30* flexion
Initial contact - hip
30* flexion
Loading response - hip
30* flexion
Midstance - hip
extending to neutral
Terminal stance - hip
10* hyperextension
Pre-Swing - hip
Neutral extension
Initial Swing - knee
60* flexion
Midswing - knee
60-30* flexion
Terminal swing - knee
0* extension
Initial contact - knee
Full extension
Loading response - knee
15* flexion
Midstance - knee
extending to neutral
Terminal Stance - knee
full extension
Pre-swing - knee
35* flexion
Initial swing - ankle
10* PF
Midswing - ankle
neutral
Terminal swing - ankle
neutral
Initial contact - ankle
neutral, heel strike
Loading Response - ankle
15* PF
Midstance - ankle
10* DF
Terminal stance - ankle
Neutral
Pre-swing - ankle
20* PF
Hip Flexion ROM Requirements
0-30
Hip Extension ROM Requirements
0-10
Knee flexion ROM requirements
0-60
Knee extension ROM requirements
0 degrees
Ankle DF ROM requirements
0-10
Ankle PF ROM requirements
0-20
Antalgic
a protective gait pattern where the stance time is decreased to avoid weight bearing on the involved side due to pain.
Ataxic
staggering and unsteadiness with a wide base of support and exaggerated movements
Cerebellar
A staggering gait pattern seen in cerebellar disease
Circumduction
circular motion to advance the leg during swing phase; this may be used to compensate for insufficient hip or knee flexion or dorsiflexion
Double step
Alternate steps are of a different length or at a different rate
Equine
high steps, usually involving excessive activity of the gastrocnemius
Festinating
patient walks on toes as though pushed. Starts slowly and increases, continuing until the pt grasps an object in order to stop
Hemiplegic
patient abducts the paralyzed limb, swing it around, and bring it forward so the foot comes to the ground in front of them.
Parkinsonian
increased forward flexion of the trunk and knees; gait is shuffling with quick and small stress festinating may occur
Scissor
the legs cross midline upon advancement
Spastic
stiff movement, toes seeming to catch and drag, legs together, and hip and knee joints slightly flexed. Commonly seen in spastic paraplegia
Steppage
feet and toes are lifted through hip and knee flexion to excessive heights secondary to DF weakness. Foot will slap at initial contact with the ground.
Tabetic
a high stepping ataxic gait pattern in which the feet slap the ground
Trendelenburg
a gait pattern that denotes glute med weakness; excessive lateral trunk flexion and weight shifting over the stance leg
Vaulting
swing leg advances by compensating through the combination of elevation of the pelvis and plantar flexion of the stance leg
Toeing-out
retroversion of the neck of the femur or tight hip external rotators - causing excessive hip ER
Toeing-in
excessive femoral anteversion or spasticity of the hip adductors causing excessive hip IR
Backward trunk lean during loading response
weak hip extensors - moves the line of gravity of the trunk behind the hip and reduces the need for hip extension torque
Forward bending of the trunk during mid and terminal stance
used to compensate for lack of hip extension
Excessive lumbar lordosis in terminal stance
lack of hip extension
Hip posterior tilt during initial swing
abdominals are used during initial swing to advance the swing
Forward bending of the trunk during loading response
weak quads - brings the line of gravity anterior to the axis of rotation to reduce need for knee extension
Forward bending of the trunk during mid and terminal stance
move weight of body over stance foot due to lack of dorsiflexion
