Gait

Question 1

What are the normal kinematics of the Hip Joint in Gait? Draw the ‘normal’ graph.

Answer 1

IC = 30’ F, FF = 30’ F, MSt = 0’ E’ing, Before TO = 10’ E, TO = 0’ F’ing, MSw = 30’ F, IC = 30’ F

Question 2

What are the normal kinematics of the Knee Joint in Gait? Draw the ‘normal’ graph.

Answer 2

IC = 5’ F, FF = 15-20’ F, MSt = 0’, HO = 0’, TO = 35’ F, MSw = 60’ F, IC = 5’ F

Question 3

What are the normal kinematics of the Ankle Joint in Gait? Draw the ‘normal’ graph.

Answer 3

IC = 0-5’ PF, FF = 10’ PF, MSt = 0’, HO = 10’ PF, TO = 20’ PF, MSw = 0’, IC = 0-5’ PF

Question 4

In what position is the hip, knee and ankle all in a relatively neutral position?

Answer 4

MSt

Question 5

What is normal stride length?
What is normal step length?
What is normal walking speed?

Answer 5

144cm
72cm
4.9km/hr

Question 6

What is biggest force generator in the Gait Cycle and what is this a result of?

Answer 6

Ankle Plantarflexors.

In St from FF to HO they are eccentrically activating (A1 - power absorption), followed by concentric contraction (A2) from HO to TO - resulting in 20’ PF.

The eccentric contraction preceding the concentric optimises force production of ankle PFs.

Question 7

What is the second biggest force generator in the Gait Cycle?

Answer 7

Hip Flexors.

Eccentric activation of hip flexors (H2) from MSt to HO precedes concentric activation of hip flexors (H3) from HO to MSw.

Question 8

What muscle activity produces 60’ F at MSw at the knee joint?

Answer 8

Concentric contraction of Ankle PF
Concentric contraction of Hip Flexors
Eccentric contraction of Knee Extensors

Question 9

What are the maximal degrees in which the hip, knee and ankle joint move through in normal gait?

Answer 9

Hip = 40 degrees
Knee = 60 degrees
Ankle = 30 degrees

Question 10

What movements, at what joints, produce Pronation?

Answer 10

DF @ talocrural joint
Eversion @ subtalar joint
Abduction @ forefoot

Question 11

What movements, at what joints, produce Supination?

Answer 11

PF @ talocrural joint
Inversion @ subtalar joint
Adduction @ forefoot

Question 12

When is pronation and supination important in the gait cycle?

Answer 12

From IC to HO we want to be mobile, so that our foot can make contact with the ground - Pronation important.

From HO to TO our ankle foot complex needs to be stable to optimise PF activity burst - Supination important.