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Semester 2 W6 Gait and limp > gait > Flashcards

gait Flashcards

1
Q

What are the two major stages of the gait cycle

A

stance and swing phase

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2
Q

How does antalgic gait present

A

Shortened stance phase to minimise weight bearing,
Avoids heel strike

Hip lurches over painful side, knee slightly bent

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3
Q

What stages make up the stance phase

A

Heel strike, foot flat, midstance, heel off, pre swing

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4
Q

What stagesmake up the swing phase

A

Toe off, mid swing, terminal swing

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5
Q

What muscles control heel strike?

A

Hip extensors (eg gluteus maximus) stablise, quadriceps femoris keeps leg extended and thigh flexed at hip

Tibialis anterior contracts to maintain dorsiflexion

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6
Q

What muscles are involved with the foot flat/loading response?

A

Quadriceps contract to stablise the knee, ankle dorsiflexors contract eccentrically

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7
Q

What muscles are involved with the midstance

A

QUadriceps femoris keep leg extended to bear weight, foot everters and inverters stablise the foot

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8
Q

What muscles are involved in the Heel off

A

Toe flexors and tibialis posterior

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9
Q

What muscles are involved in preswing

A

Hip flexors contract to propel the limb

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10
Q

What muscles are involved with toe off

A

Hamstrings conctract concentrically to keep hip extended. Plantar flexion of foot

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11
Q

What muscles are involved with the iniitation of swing to midswing from toe off

A

Iliopsoas group contracts flexing hip to advance swinging leg. Ankle dorsiflexors contract to ensure foot clearance

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12
Q

What happens from terminal swing to heel strike?

A

Hamstrings contact to decelerate forward motion of thigh, QUadriceps femoris ecxtends leg at knee, positioning for landing

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13
Q

How will short leg gait present

A

Head and shoulders drop as stepping onto short limb, bobbing up and down, shoulders in saggital plane

Pelvis drops on side affected with the heel strike.

Also known as vaulting gait, as they elevate pelvis and stance leg to allow longer leg to swing through

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14
Q

How does trendelenburg gait present

A

When walking, the pelvis tilts downwards instead of upwards on the non-weight bearing extremity

The hip adductor of the side of the weight bearing hip cannot hold the weight

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15
Q

How does a rigid hip present

A

torso and head sways front to back saggital plane, decreased hip flexion on swing phase

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16
Q

How does a rigid knee present

A

Knee circumduction, little flexion/extension through stance

17
Q

How does a rigid ankle present

A

May turn foot out to use sub talar joint

18
Q

How does antalgic gait present

A

Shortened stance phase, avoids weightbearing on that side, avids heelstrike. Hip lurches over painful side to reduce lever arm. knee held slightly flexed

19
Q

How does a weak hip present

A

Trendelenburg

20
Q

How does a weak ankle present

A

High stepping gsait, hip/knees flexed excessively to lift foot, foot slap on itnitial contact

21
Q

How does weak knees present

A

Weal quads, back knee to control flexion of ground reaction force

22
Q

How does equinus gait present

A

No heel strike, looks like horse legs, walking on the balls of feet

23
Q

How does jump gait present

A

Walking on tiptoes, knee flexion

24
Q

How does crouch gait present

A

ankle, knee and hip flexion

25
Q

How does scissoring gait present

A

One leg in front of another

26
Q

What group do equinus, jump, crouch and scissoring all fall under?

A

Spastic diplegia

27
Q

How does spastic hemiplegia present

A

Unilateral loss of heel strike, kee flexed, nil movement of arm in swing

28
Q

Name some conservative treatments

A

Weight reduction, physio orthotics/aids (walking stick in contralateral hand, shopping bag in ipsilateral hand)

29
Q

What are the surgical options

A

Joint replacement, reshaping bone, lengthen/divide/transfer muscles

30
Q

WHat does STRAWS stand for

A

Short leg, trendelenburg, rigid, antalgic, weak, supratentorial

Semester 2 W6 Gait and limp (7 decks)

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