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NMS > Gait > Flashcards

Gait Flashcards

1
Q

Dyskinesia

A

Abnormal uncontrolled involuntary movement

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2
Q

Hyperkinesis

A

Increased movements, abnormal, involuntary

Increased by stress/anxiety; decreased with sleep

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3
Q

Hypokinesia

A

Decreased movements

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4
Q

Diseases with hypokinesia

A

Parkinsons and depression

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5
Q

S/s with Parkinson’s

A 
Bradycardia
Mask-like expression/stare
Decreased blinking
Soft speech
Rigidity
Loss of swinging arms while walking
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6
Q

Physiological tremor

A

Benign
Affects fingers/hands
With rest and activity
Accentuated with anxiety and activity

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7
Q

Myoclonic jerks/myoclonus

A

Quick involuntary muscle jerks
“Sleep starts” or hiccups
Occur in healthy people but frequently seen in epileptics prior to seizure

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8
Q

Quick involuntary muscle jerks
“Sleep starts” or hiccups
Occur in healthy people but frequently seen in epileptics prior to seizure

A

Myoclonic jerks/myoclonus

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9
Q

Benign fasiculations

A

Fine rapid flickering twitching movements
Due to contraction of a bundle of muscle fibers
Ex: twitching eyelid
Motor neuron disease

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10
Q

Examples of benign fasiculations

A

Twitching eyelid

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11
Q

What causes benign fasiculations

A 
Fatigue
Cold
Caffeine 
Motor neuron disease: ALS
Radiculopathy, peripheral neuropathy, anterior horn cell 
LMNL
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12
Q

Emotional tremor aka?

A

Essential tremor

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13
Q

Emotional tremor

A

Rapid tremor of low amplitude that worsens with emotional stress

Familial, senile

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14
Q

Parkinsonian tremor

A

Pill-rolling at rest aka resting tremor

Basal ganglion lesion

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15
Q

Lesion where with parkinsonian tremor

A

Tremor at rest

Lesion at basal ganglion

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16
Q

Intention tremor lesion where

A

Cerebellum

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17
Q

Intention tremor seen with

A

Cerebellum pathology

Ex: MS

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18
Q

Postural tremor

A

During fixed posture

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19
Q

Non-tremorous hyperkinesia or chorea

A

Involuntary, irregular hyperkinesias

Huntington’s

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20
Q

Non-tremorour hyperkinesia associated with what disease

A

Huntington’s

21
Q

Athetosis

A

Slow, writhing/squirming movements of fingers and extremities
Congential
Injury to basal ganglia
Cerebral palsy

22
Q

Athetosis seen with what disease

A

Basal ganglia injury

Cerebral palsy

23
Q

Dystopia

A

Spontaneous involuntary sustained muscle contractions

24
Q

Hemiballismus

A

Dramatic neurologic syndrome with wild violent movement of half of body

Due to infarction or hemorrhage

25
Q

What causes hemiballismus

A

Infarction or hemorrhage

26
Q

Tics

A

Irregular repetitive movements of face/tongue

Ex: blinking
Associated with emotional stress

27
Q

Akathisia

A

Inner restlessness and urge to move
Remain in constant motion
Due to treatment with dopamine blocking agents

28
Q

What is seen with dopamine blocking agents

A

Akathisia

29
Q

Tardive dyskinesias (TD)

A

Involuntary movement of face, mouth, tongue and limbs

Side effect of antipsychotic/neuroleptic medications

30
Q

What is a side effect of antipsychotic/neuroleptic medications

A

Tardive dyskinesia

31
Q

What is first compensation in most gait disorders

A

Spreading feet father apart

32
Q

Tabetic aka sensory ataxic gait

A

Dorsal column disease
Loss of proprioceptive sense in extremities

Walk with wide base, slap feet
High steps, throw foot out, slams it to flood

***worse with dark/eyes closed

33
Q

Sensory ataxic gait anatomy

A

Dorsal columns

Recall open/closed= cerebellum., closed DC

34
Q

Hemiplegic gait

A

Corticospinal lesion

Hold arms tight to side and drags/shuffles foot
Tilt pelvis upward on involved side to lift toe and may swing extremity (circumductoin)

35
Q

Corticospinal lesion

Hold arms tight to side and drags/shuffles foot
Tilt pelvis upward on involved side to lift toe and may swing extremity (circumductoin)

A

Hemiplegic gait

36
Q

Anatomy in hemiplegic gait

A

Corticospinal pathway MC with stroke!!!!

37
Q

Hemiplegic gait seen in what patients post?

A

Stroke

38
Q

Scissoring gait seen in who

A

Cerebral palsy

MS

39
Q

Scissoring gait

A

Basically bilateral hemiplegic gait

Compensatory sway, knees cross in front, narrow base, shuffling

40
Q

Cerebellum ataxic/drunken/staggering

A

Drunk

common in MS, cerebellum degeneration, cerebellum tumors, stroke

41
Q

Waddling aka myopathy gait

A

Weakness of pelvic girdle muscles causes drop to unsupported leg.
Hyperlordotic, swayback, pot belly

Muscular dystrophy

42
Q

Disease seen with waddling/myopathy gait

A

Muscular dystrophy

43
Q

Stoppage gate

A

Seen with patients with foot drop

44
Q

Causes of unilateral steppage gait? Bilateral?

A

Unilateral: peroneal/fibulae nerve palsy and L5 radiculopathy

Bilateral: ALS, Charcot-Marie tooth diease, severe peripheral neuropathies

45
Q

Propulsion/festinating

A

Parkinsons

Difficulty walking may be earliest s/s of Parkinsons

46
Q

Hysterical gait

A

Variet of bizarre gaits seen with conversion reaction

***ability to use the limb during emergencies

47
Q

Astasia-Abasia

A

Motor in coordination and inability to stand or walk but have normal ability to move legs when lying or sitting

48
Q

Limping/antalgic

A

Disordered due to paim

NMS (12 decks)

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