Gait

Question 1

Dyskinesia

Answer 1

Abnormal uncontrolled involuntary movement

Question 2

Hyperkinesis

Answer 2

Increased movements, abnormal, involuntary

Increased by stress/anxiety; decreased with sleep

Question 3

Hypokinesia

Answer 3

Decreased movements

Question 4

Diseases with hypokinesia

Answer 4

Parkinsons and depression

Question 5

S/s with Parkinson’s

Answer 5

Bradycardia
Mask-like expression/stare
Decreased blinking
Soft speech
Rigidity
Loss of swinging arms while walking

Question 6

Physiological tremor

Answer 6

Benign
Affects fingers/hands
With rest and activity
Accentuated with anxiety and activity

Question 7

Myoclonic jerks/myoclonus

Answer 7

Quick involuntary muscle jerks
“Sleep starts” or hiccups
Occur in healthy people but frequently seen in epileptics prior to seizure

Question 8

Quick involuntary muscle jerks
“Sleep starts” or hiccups
Occur in healthy people but frequently seen in epileptics prior to seizure

Answer 8

Myoclonic jerks/myoclonus

Question 9

Benign fasiculations

Answer 9

Fine rapid flickering twitching movements
Due to contraction of a bundle of muscle fibers
Ex: twitching eyelid
Motor neuron disease

Question 10

Examples of benign fasiculations

Answer 10

Twitching eyelid

Question 11

What causes benign fasiculations

Answer 11

Fatigue
Cold
Caffeine 
Motor neuron disease: ALS
Radiculopathy, peripheral neuropathy, anterior horn cell 
LMNL

Question 12

Emotional tremor aka?

Answer 12

Essential tremor

Question 13

Emotional tremor

Answer 13

Rapid tremor of low amplitude that worsens with emotional stress

Familial, senile

Question 14

Parkinsonian tremor

Answer 14

Pill-rolling at rest aka resting tremor

Basal ganglion lesion

Question 15

Lesion where with parkinsonian tremor

Answer 15

Tremor at rest

Lesion at basal ganglion

Question 16

Intention tremor lesion where

Answer 16

Cerebellum

Question 17

Intention tremor seen with

Answer 17

Cerebellum pathology

Ex: MS

Question 18

Postural tremor

Answer 18

During fixed posture

Question 19

Non-tremorous hyperkinesia or chorea

Answer 19

Involuntary, irregular hyperkinesias

Huntington’s

Question 20

Non-tremorour hyperkinesia associated with what disease

Answer 20

Huntington’s

Question 21

Athetosis

Answer 21

Slow, writhing/squirming movements of fingers and extremities
Congential
Injury to basal ganglia
Cerebral palsy

Question 22

Athetosis seen with what disease

Answer 22

Basal ganglia injury

Cerebral palsy

Question 23

Dystopia

Answer 23

Spontaneous involuntary sustained muscle contractions

Question 24

Hemiballismus

Answer 24

Dramatic neurologic syndrome with wild violent movement of half of body

Due to infarction or hemorrhage

Question 25

What causes hemiballismus

Answer 25

Infarction or hemorrhage

Question 26

Tics

Answer 26

Irregular repetitive movements of face/tongue Ex: blinking Associated with emotional stress

Question 27

Akathisia

Answer 27

Inner restlessness and urge to move Remain in constant motion Due to treatment with dopamine blocking agents

Question 28

What is seen with dopamine blocking agents

Answer 28

Akathisia

Question 29

Tardive dyskinesias (TD)

Answer 29

Involuntary movement of face, mouth, tongue and limbs | Side effect of antipsychotic/neuroleptic medications

Question 30

What is a side effect of antipsychotic/neuroleptic medications

Answer 30

Tardive dyskinesia

Question 31

What is first compensation in most gait disorders

Answer 31

Spreading feet father apart

Question 32

Tabetic aka sensory ataxic gait

Answer 32

Dorsal column disease Loss of proprioceptive sense in extremities Walk with wide base, slap feet High steps, throw foot out, slams it to flood ***worse with dark/eyes closed

Question 33

Sensory ataxic gait anatomy

Answer 33

Dorsal columns | Recall open/closed= cerebellum., closed DC

Question 34

Hemiplegic gait

Answer 34

Corticospinal lesion Hold arms tight to side and drags/shuffles foot Tilt pelvis upward on involved side to lift toe and may swing extremity (circumductoin)

Question 35

Corticospinal lesion Hold arms tight to side and drags/shuffles foot Tilt pelvis upward on involved side to lift toe and may swing extremity (circumductoin)

Answer 35

Hemiplegic gait

Question 36

Anatomy in hemiplegic gait

Answer 36

Corticospinal pathway MC with stroke!!!!

Question 37

Hemiplegic gait seen in what patients post?

Answer 37

Stroke

Question 38

Scissoring gait seen in who

Answer 38

Cerebral palsy | MS

Question 39

Scissoring gait

Answer 39

Basically bilateral hemiplegic gait | Compensatory sway, knees cross in front, narrow base, shuffling

Question 40

Cerebellum ataxic/drunken/staggering

Answer 40

Drunk | common in MS, cerebellum degeneration, cerebellum tumors, stroke

Question 41

Waddling aka myopathy gait

Answer 41

Weakness of pelvic girdle muscles causes drop to unsupported leg. Hyperlordotic, swayback, pot belly Muscular dystrophy

Question 42

Disease seen with waddling/myopathy gait

Answer 42

Muscular dystrophy

Question 43

Stoppage gate

Answer 43

Seen with patients with foot drop

Question 44

Causes of unilateral steppage gait? Bilateral?

Answer 44

Unilateral: peroneal/fibulae nerve palsy and L5 radiculopathy Bilateral: ALS, Charcot-Marie tooth diease, severe peripheral neuropathies

Question 45

Propulsion/festinating

Answer 45

Parkinsons | Difficulty walking may be earliest s/s of Parkinsons

Question 46

Hysterical gait

Answer 46

Variet of bizarre gaits seen with conversion reaction ***ability to use the limb during emergencies

Question 47

Astasia-Abasia

Answer 47

Motor in coordination and inability to stand or walk but have normal ability to move legs when lying or sitting

Question 48

Limping/antalgic

Answer 48

Disordered due to paim