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NMS > CN 1,2,3,4,6 Examinations > Flashcards

CN 1,2,3,4,6 Examinations Flashcards

1
Q

Normal disc to cup ratio

A

2:1

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2
Q

Normal retina color? Physiological cup color?

Macula?

A

Red/orange
Pale
Dark

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3
Q

Arterial to venous ratio in eye

A

2:3

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4
Q

When might you find an elevated disc with blurred margins?

A

Optic neuritis/papillitis

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5
Q

What would the Disc, retina, vessel findings be in papilledema (due to increased ICP)?

A

Disc: elevated, blurred disc margins and vessels engorged

Retina: flame retinal hemorrhage close to disc

Vessels: engorged and tortuous

BILATERALLY except F-K

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6
Q

What two conditions have elevated and blurred disc

A

Papilledema and optic neuritis

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7
Q

How would you differentiate papilledema vs optic neuritis?

A

In papilledema: NO VISUAL complaint/loss

Optic neuritis: inflammation of nerve causes visual complaint/loss
-early and quick!

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8
Q

Ophthalmoscopic exam findings of disc, retina, vessels seen in optic atrophy?

A

Disc: sharp clear margins with an overall pale white color

Retina: normal

Vessels: A: attenuated V: normal

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9
Q

Is vision affected with optic atrophy?

A

Yes

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10
Q

Ophthalmoscopic findings in tay-Sachs?

A

Dark cherry red spot in place of the macula lutea

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11
Q

Ophthalmoscopic findings for disc, retina, vessels in glaucoma?

A

Recall: intraOCULAR pressure increase

Disc: large cup to disc ratio (norm 1:2), vessels discplaced peripherally, pale white, pigment surrounding disc

Retina: normal

Vessels: normal

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12
Q

Ophthalmoscopic findings in retinal detachment. Disc, retina, vessels

A

Disc: normal
Retina: gray elevation with folds in detached section
Vessels: tortuous and elevated over detached retina

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13
Q

S/s of retinal detachment

A

Flashes/floaters or veil/shadow/curtain across vision

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14
Q

Ophthalmoscopic exam findings in non-proliferative diabetic retinopathy: disc, retina, vessels

A

Disc: Normal
Retina: many scattered exudates/retinal hemorrhages
Vessels: mild dilation of retinal veins

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15
Q

Ophthalmoscopic exam findings in proliferative diabetic retinopathy: disc, retina, vessels

A

Disc: new vessels growing on disc
Retina: numerous hemorrhages, new vessels at superior disc margins
Vessels: dilation of veins

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16
Q

Ophthalmoscopic exam findings for hypertensive retinopathy; disc, retina, vessels

A

Disc: clear outline
Retina: exudates and flame hemorrhage
Vessels: narrowed, increased tortuosity, copper wiring, AV nicking

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17
Q

CN 3,4,6 exam process

A
  • inspection
  • accommodation (3)
  • corneal light reflex (3,4,6)
  • pupillary light reflex (2,3)
  • 6 cardinal fields of gaze (3,4,6)
18
Q

MC causes of unilateral and bilateral ptosis

A

Unilateral: horners syndrome, pancos tumor, stroke, Bell’s palsy, TIA, stroke, cluster HA/migrane

Bilateral: MG

19
Q

What CN does accommodation test

A

3

20
Q

What 3 things should occur during accommodation test

A 
Convergence (medial recti)
Pupilloconstruction (parasympathetic fibers)
Lens thickening (ciliary muscle-unnoticeable—allows focus)
21
Q

CN tested during corneal light reflex

A

3,4,6

22
Q

Process in corneal light reflex test

A

Patient focus on distant object and shine lights t nasal bridge (12 inches)

Eye should reflect symmetrically

23
Q

CN tested with pupillary light reflex

A

CN 2,3

24
Q

CN tested with cardinal fields of gaze

A

3,4,6

25
Q

Explain each muscle tested in each eye during cardinal fields of gaze

A

See picture on slide 68

26
Q

CN 3 abnormals

A

Ptosis
Mydriasis (pupil dilation)
Eye deviated down and out

27
Q

MC cause of CN 3 abnormals

A

Ischemia and aneurysm

28
Q

What CN is affected during: ptosis

A

CN 3

29
Q

What CN is affected during: mydriasis

A

CN3

30
Q

What CN is affected during: eye deviation down and out

A

CN3

31
Q

Abnormals with CN 4

A
  • difficulty looking down and in

- patient commonly tilts head to opposite shoulder (minimize diplopia)

32
Q

MC cause of damage to CN 4

A

Head trauma

33
Q

What CN is affected during: difficulty looking down and in

A

CN4

34
Q

What CN is affected during: when patient tilts head to R shoulder

A

L CN4

35
Q

Abnormals with CN 6

A
  • eye deviates medically

- difficult looking laterally

36
Q

CN6 damage usually caused by

A

Neoplasms
Trauma
Microvascular neuropathy
MC etiologies

37
Q

What CN is affected during: deviation of eye medically

A

6

38
Q

What CN is affected during: issues looking laterally

A

6

39
Q

Nystagmus

A

Involuntary eye oscillations

-may occur side/side, up/down, or circular

40
Q

Nystagmus that is fast and represents saccadic movement. Lobe?

A

Frontal

41
Q

Nystagmus slow represents following movement. Lobe?

A

Occipital

42
Q

Where is nystagmus common that is not pathological

A

“End point”

NMS (12 decks)

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