Gait Flashcards
What are 4 methods to analyze gait
-mus as shock absorbers
-mus as accelerators
-mus as decelerations
-stabilizers
What phase has the greatest energy
Stance
What is newton’s 3rd law of motion
For every action there is an OPP and equal reaction
What is GRF
Ground produces equal and reactive force in OPP direction of step
What stage of gait has largest moment of GRF
Initial contact PF
What type of torque and mus activation in IC
PF torque
Eccentric DF and quad shock absorbers
Where is GRF for IC
Post calc
Where does LR GRF occur
Post limb and ant to hip
What allows deceleration during LR
Eccentric quads and co-contraction of HS
What’s another major mus that activates during LR
Ant tib eccentric
What mus iso contract during LR
Glute med and max to decrease falling forward
Where is GRF during MSt
Ant to ankle and knee
What mus are active during MSt
-post calf (soleus), ankle stab and ecc
-instrinsics for stab
-quads until COM over ft
What pos is forefoot during MSt
Supinated
What occurs during toe off
Post calf create large torque momentum - propulsion
Where is the center of pressure for toe off
1st MT head
What is center of pressure
Where GRF applied
What do peripheral mechanoreceptors do
Detect displacement, velocity, and acceleration of skin
What are mechanoreceptors vital for
Variety of purposes locomotion
What does a longer stride length create
Greater forward vector (y axis)
Assists greater torque in toe off
2 medical uses of whole body vib
Increase strength and decrease spasticity
What does whole body vib help with anatomically
Activates mus spindle
-increase velocity
-stx mechanism
What 2 things area important for sensory input for walking
Hip ext pos and loading
Which stages of gait load to hip ext
-midstance
-terminal stance
-pre-swing
Describe the movements that allow swing initiation (load- and unload- limb)
Synch hip ext and limb unloading with simultaneous loading of other limb to promote swing initiation
What are 4 different task based gait training interventions
-paretic limb WB
-fxnal strength
-aerobic
-balance
What is most effective when incorporated with fxnal acts
Strength
What is an ideal tasked based gait training program
Combo of acts (lg # of steps and fast speeds)
What is anticipatory postural control for
Ground walking; reactive control
What leads to appropriate leg activation
Leg movements in combo with loading of legs
What are the 3 components of the basis of central pattern generation
-flexion of swing limb
-loading enhances stance or extensors
-sensory input modulates gait
What type of sensory responds to hip ext? Why is it important? According to Sherrington
-proprioceptors
-important to initiate swing
What happens when hip ext is prevented, according to grillner and Rossignol
Inhibit generation of flexion burst
What structure does vib stimulate? Which mus group?
-mus spindle
-hip flexors
What is the preferred hip position to trigger forward swing
-ext in late stance
Hip flex stx triggers swing
What can help elicit forward swing
PNF patterns
What are 4 contributions to hemi genu recavatum mechanics
-HS wk
-gastroc spasticity or wk
-wk quad
-strong hip extension to ext femur posterior
What is a common gait impairment stroke pts experience
Knee hyperext
What is a general component of knee hyperext in hemi stoke pts
Weak LL mus
What component contribute to knee hyperext during midstance
PF wk
What needs more research to decrease knee hyperext
Gastroc strengthening
