Gait Flashcards
internal forces of gait include:
muscular forces producing ambulation
also passive tension from connective tissue structures
external forces in gait include:
forces resisting gait including inertia, gravity, friction
muscles function as: (4)
shock absorbers
accelerators
decelerators
stabilizers
muscles as shock absorbers:
eccentric loading in IC
function to slow down and smooth movement
muscles as accelerators:
propel movement, esp in preswing/swing with hip flexors and PFs
muscles as decelerators:
eccentric activity
hamstrings in swing, ant tib in IC
muscles as stabilizers:
maintain equilibrium, hold segments stable
isometric contraction
glut med, max, adductors
energy in swing phase comes from which muscle groups?
hip flexors
most energy in termal stance/pre swing comes from which muscle group?
PFs
newton’s 3rd law
every action has an equal and opposite reaction
generates GRF/normal force
what direction is the torque generated in IC in?
plantarflexion direction
counteracted by eccentric contraction of DFs
what type of muscle activation in LE in loading response?
deceleration of limb: eccentric contraction of quads and ant tib
stabilization: isometric glut med and max
what type of muscle activation is predominant in midstance?
eccentric posterior calf,
foot intrinsics supinate foot,
eccentric quads
hip stabilizers
what type of muscle activation is predominant in toe off?
posterior calf creating large torque moment
passive knee flexion
hip flexion
center of pressure in foot
location within foot where GRF are applied through
moves on a path from heel to toes
factors to be integrated in gait rehabilitation
equilibrium in propulsion
reciprocal movement synergy
adapting behavior and goals to external restraints
need to also consider: postural alignment and equilibrium, task based training, and sensory input
how does the golgi tendon organ affect muscle activation in gait?
it measures force through muscle = loading
more loading = more muscle activation
need loading to normalize gait
which factor shows greatest influence over EMG amplitude in LE muscle activation?
limb peak load, more than muscle stretch or velocity
role of proprioception in swing phase
proprioceptive response to hip extension helps initiate hip flexion into the swing phase
stretch sensation triggers burst of hip flexion
replicate w standing PNF patterns
whole body vibration: researched, evidence based uses
spasticity reduction in MS
increase muscle strength/power in athletes
mechanism of WBV
increases velocity and stretch mechanism which heightens the muscles ability to contract
critical components to improving walking ability with paretic limb
weight bearing, aerobic exercise, functional strengthening, balance
program should have a combination of activity with a large number of steps and faster speeds
should be functional/task based
causes of knee hyperextension in paretic limb of stroke pts
weak posterior knee stabilization from hamstrings and gastroc
also: weak quads, stronger hip extensors to move femur posterior
