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Kinesiology > Gait > Flashcards

Gait Flashcards

1
Q

what are the phases of gait

A
  1. stance: 60%
    contact
    midstance
    propulsion
  2. swing: 40%
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2
Q

spacial parameters: what is the base of gait

A

average 7°

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3
Q

what is the % for single support time

A

38% of gait cycle

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4
Q

what is the % for double support time

A

22% of gait cycle

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5
Q

speed parameters:
cadence: average steps/min
velocity:

A

80-120 steps
cadence x step length/60

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6
Q

what are the 6 determinants of gait

A
  1. pelvic rotation
  2. pelvic tilt
  3. knee flexion instance phase
  4. ankle mechanism
  5. foot mechanism
  6. lateral displacement
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7
Q

what is the role of pelvis rotation in gait (3)

A
  1. twists in transverse plane
  2. reduces need of hip ext/flex
  3. reduces verticle oscillation of CofG
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8
Q

what is the role of pevlic tilt in gait

A
  • rises to the swing side - the opposite would be a trendellenburg sign
  • reduces total vertical excursion of CogG
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9
Q

what is the role of knee flexion in stance phase

A

prevents excessive rise and fall of the hip by effectively shortening the leg

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10
Q

what is the role of the ankle mechanism in gait

A

sagittal motion works with the knee to lengthen and shorten the leg, to ensure smooth gait

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11
Q

what is the role of the foot mechanism

A

the foot acts as a series of rockers to provide stability, weight distribution and aid motion by torque conversion

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12
Q

what is the role of lateral displacement in gait

A

wider = less efficient but more stable
narrower = more efficient but less stable

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13
Q

what are the key points of the gait cycle

A
  1. contact
  2. midstance
  3. propulsion
    active
    passive
  4. swing
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14
Q

what % of gait cycle and stance phase is initial contact, and what is its function

A
  • 16% of gait cycle
  • 27% of stance phase
  • to adapt to terrain, shock absorbency, and forward progression
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15
Q

in initial contact heel strike, what happens to the:
* hip
* knee
* ankle
* STJ
* MTJ

A
  • hip: flexed
  • knee: extended
  • ankle: neutral 90°
  • STJ: supinated (moving to pronation)
  • MTJ: supinated and mobile
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16
Q

during initial contact, what happens at the:
* ankle
* STJ
* MTJ
* leg
* knee
* quadraceps

A
  • ankle: plantarflexes
  • STJ: pronates
  • MTJ: unstable
  • leg: internally rotates
  • knee: flexes
  • quadraceps: absorb impact
17
Q

which muscles are active in initial contact:

A
  • tibialis anterior and long extensors: control plantarflexion
  • tibialis posterior: controls rate of pronation at STJ
  • triceps surae: control internal rotation of leg
  • quads: control knee flexion
  • hip extensors and ABductors: control thigh and pelvis
18
Q

what % of gait cycle and stance phase is midstance, and what hapens here

A
  • 24% of gait cycle
  • 40% of stance phase
  • CogG moves over static foot
  • limb and truck stability
19
Q

at foot flat in midstance, what are the following doing:
* hip:
* knee:
* foot:
* STJ:
* MTJ:

A
  • hip: flexed
  • knee: flexed
  • foot: plantarflexed at ankle
  • STJ: pronated
  • MTJ: unstable
20
Q

what are the following doing during midstance:
* hip:
* knee:
* leg:
* ankle:
* STJ:
* MTJ:

A
  • hip: extends
  • knee: extends
  • leg: externally rotates
  • ankle: dorsiflexes
  • STJ: supinates
  • MTJ: stabilises
21
Q

which muscles are active in midstance

A
  • tibialis posterior, long flexors and soleus assist supination at STJ
  • peroneus longus starts to stabilise 1st ray
  • triceps surae (esp soleus) control dorsiflexion at ankle
  • hip extensors pull thigh back
  • postural stabilisers control pelvis and truck
22
Q

what is the purpose of propulsion in gait cycle

A

foot becomes a rigid lever via:
* STJ supination
* MTJ locking
* active muscular stabilisation
in order to facilitate forward progression and maintenance of momentum

23
Q

what is active propulsion in gait cycle and what are the % of gait and stance phase

A
  • heel off of support limb to toe off of same limb
  • 20% of gait cycle
  • 33% of stance phase
24
Q

of the propulsion phase, what is passive lift

A

from opposite heel contact to toe off

25
Q

propulsion: heel lift:
* MTJ:
* STJ:
* ankle:
* knee:
* hip:

A
  • MTJ: locked
  • STJ: supinated
  • ankle: dorsiflexed
  • knee: virtually extended
  • hip: extended
26
Q

during propulsion:
* MTPJ:
* 1st ray:
* MTJ:
* STJ:
* ankle:
* tibia:
* knee:
* hip

A
  • MTPJ: dorsifleced
  • 1st ray: plantarflexed
  • MTJ: locked
  • STJ: supinated
  • ankle: plantarflexes
  • tibia: externally rotated
  • knee: flexed
  • hip: continues to extend, starts to flex before toe off
27
Q

what is the muscle activity at propulsion

A
  • triceps surae and tibialis posterior assist heel lift
  • peroneus longus stabilise 1st ray
  • peroneus longus and brevis ensure medial weight transfer
  • FHL, FHB, AbH AdH stabilise hallux
  • EHL dorsiflexes hallux
28
Q

what is the function of swing phase

A
  • momentum for forward progression
  • ground clearance
  • provide power for motion
29
Q

what are the motions in swing phase of:
* hip:
* knee:
* ankle:
* STJ

A
  • hip: continues to flex
  • knee: extends
  • ankle: dorsiflexes
  • STJ: pronates, then supinates

Kinesiology (6 decks)

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