Ankle and Knee

Question 1

name the lateral ligaments of the ankle (5)

Answer 1

1. anterior talofibular
2. calcaneofibular
3. posterior talofibulae
4. joint capsule
5. tibiofibular syndesmosis

Question 2

name the medial ligaments of the ankle, also known as the deltoid ligament

Answer 2

1. anteriotibiotalar
2. posteriotibular
3. tibionavicular
4. tibiocalcaneal

Question 3

ankle: axis of motion

Answer 3

• 82° from sagittal plane
• 8° from transverse plane
• 20-30° from frontal plane

Question 4

what is the ‘normal’ ROM of the ankle joint in gait

Answer 4

10° dorsiflexion required
20° plantarflexion required

Question 5

what is ankle equinus

Answer 5

a lack of dorsiflexion at the ankle, caused by either a bony deformity or soft tissue

Question 6

what soft tissue issues can be associated with ankle equinus (5)

Answer 6

1. tight triceps surae
2. congenital
3. muscle imbalance
4. neurological
5. footwear

Question 7

ankle equinus is very destructive; what could the abnormal compensations be (5)

Answer 7

1. excess STJ pronation
2. MTJ instability
3. hypermobile 1st ray
4. bouncy gait
5. hyperextended knees

Question 8

which muscles flex the knee (7)

Answer 8

1. sm
2. st
3. bf
4. gastrocnemius
5. plantaris
6. sartorius
7. gracilis

Question 9

what does the popliteus muscle do, with regard to the knee

Answer 9

• unlocks straight knee
• controls knee rotation

Question 10

what role does the iliotibial band play in the knee

Answer 10

provides lateral stability

Question 11

how many times does the knee flex in 1 gait cycle

Answer 11

twice

Question 12

what are knee deformities in the frontal plane

Answer 12

1. genu valgum
2. genu varum

Question 13

what knee deformity can occur in the sagittal plane

Answer 13

genu recurvatum
(hyperextended knees)

Question 14

what knee deformity can occur in the transverse plane

Answer 14

• internally rotated patella (squinting patella)
• externally rotated patella