Gait

Question 1

What is the gait cycle

Answer 1

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Initial contact
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Mid stance
Terminal stance

Pre swing
Initial swing
Mid swing
Terminal swing

Question 2

How long is the stance phase of gait

Answer 2

60% - leg in contact with ground

Question 3

How to measure gait?

Answer 3

Qualitative gait assessment:
- BOS
- Step length
- stride length
- toe in/ toe out
- weight transference
- cadence

Kinematics
- movement analysis
- joint angles
- muscle activity

Kinetics
- force platform analyses

Question 4

Describe initial contact phase of gait

Answer 4

• heel strike. Double support starts
• hip flexed, extension initiated
• knee extended
• ankle dorsiflexed
• eccentric lowering of foot to floor

Question 5

What is an ataxic gait?

Answer 5

Unsteady, uncoordinated walk

Wide BOS

feet thrown outward

Question 6

What is an apraxia gait?

Answer 6

Can’t carry out familiar, purposeful movements in absence of paralysis or other motosensory problems

Process is forgotten

Question 7

What is trendelenburg gait

Answer 7

Weak abductor muscles causing opposite pelvis to drop

Question 8

What is a hemiplegic gait

Answer 8

Weakness down one side due to CVA

Question 9

What does a Parkinson’s gait look like

Answer 9

Slowed gait, reduced arm swing, short step length, postural instability, loss of disassociated arm and trunk movements during gait.

Question 10

What is a high stepping gait caused by?

Answer 10

Foot drop

Question 11

What do you look at when assessing gait..

Answer 11

Pelvis, hip
Knee
Ankle
Arm swing

Question 12

How would you manually facilitate an affected side with gait?

Answer 12

Hand on quad and hamstring insertion
Swap to behind knee and cup top of foot

Question 13

Types of AFO

Answer 13

Rigid
Foot up splint
Dynamic
Semi dynamic

Question 14

What are orthoses

Answer 14

External devices to support and enhance impaired limbs
To improve function and correct deformity
Can make activity more difficult
But found to increase speed and efficiency of gait

Question 15

Benefits of treadmill training with gait

Answer 15

• strength and fitness
• Speed and endurance training
• Task specific
• Gait training can start earlier
• Improves walking
• Measurable

Question 16

What is fes in gait re-education

Answer 16

produce muscle contractions that mimic normal voluntary gait movement by applying electrical impulses to the common peroneal nerve through skin surface or implanted electrodes

pressure sensitive foot switch triggers the electrical stimulation when weight is taken off foot to imitate dorsiflexon and swing phase and initial stance

• switched off when weight is out through foot again