Gait #1 Flashcards
1
Q
What is a gait cycle (stride)?
A
From initial heel contact of one foot to heel contact of the same foot
2
Q
What is a step?
A
Sequence of events that occurs within heel contacts of opposite feet (i.e. between R and L heel contact)
3
Q
How many steps in a gait cycle (stride)?
A
2
4
Q
What are the 4 spatial descriptors of gate?
A
- Stride length
- Step length
- Degree of toe-out (foot progression angle)
- Step width
5
Q
What is stride length?
A
o Distance between 2 successive heel contacts of the same foot
o Normal stride length= 1.51 m for males and 1.32 m for females
6
Q
What is step length?
A
Distance between successive heel contacts of 2 different feet
7
Q
What is degree of toe-out?
A
o Angle between line of progression of the body and a line intersecting the center of the heel and second toe
o 5-7 degrees is normal
8
Q
What is step width?
A
o Lateral distance between heel centers of 2 consecutive foot contacts
o Average is 7-10 cm
9
Q
What are the 3 Temporal descriptors of gait?
A
- Stride time
- Step time
- Cadence
10
Q
What is stride time?
A
Time for a full gait cycle (1 heal contact to contact of same foot)
11
Q
What is step time?
A
Time for completion of a R or a L step
12
Q
What is cadence?
A
o Number of steps per minute
o Also described as step rate
13
Q
What is normal cadence?
A
108 steps/min for males and 118 steps/min for females
14
Q
What is gait velocity?
A
o Distance covered in a given amount of time
o meters per second, miles per hour
15
Q
Gait velocity is a combo of what two descriptors?
A
spatial and temporal
16
Q
What is the best and most functional measurement of individuals walking ability?
A
Gait velocity
17
Q
What is normal gait velocity?
A
1.37 m/sec for males &1.30 m/sec for females
18
Q
What is the 6th vital sign?
A
10M Walk test
19
Q
What can gait velocity tell us?
A
- Dep/Ind in ADLs
- Likelihood of being hospitalized
- Fall risk
- Ability to cross street/community ambulator/limited community ambulator/household walker
20
Q
Normal % of stance phase?
A
60%
21
Q
Normal % of swing phase?
A
40%
22
Q
Normal % of single limb support?
A
80%
23
Q
Double limb support?
A
20%
24
Q
What are the 8 common terms in Rancho Los Amigos Terminology?
- Stance (5)
- Swing (3)
A
1. Stance: o Initial contact o Loading response o Midstance o Terminal stance o Preswing 2. Swing o Initial swing o Mid swing o Terminal swing
25
When is stance phase?
Instant the foot hits the ground
26
Critical event of stance phase?
Heel first contact
27
Opposite limb in what stance during stance phase?
Terminal stance/Preswing
28
In stance phase the hip joint is in what position with what major muscles on?
20 of flexion
| Extensors
29
In stance phase the knee joint is in what position with what major muscles on?
0-5 flexion
| Quadriceps
30
In stance phase the ankle joint is in what position with what major muscles on?
0
| Pretibials
31
What is loading response phase (LR)?
Shock is absorbed as forward momentum is preserved. A foot flat position is achieved
32
Critical event of Loading Response (LR)?
Hip stability, controlled knee flexion, and ankle PF
33
Opposite limb in what stance during stance phase?
Preswing
34
In Loading Response (LR) phase the hip joint is in what position with what major muscles on?
20 Flexion
| Extensors and abductors
35
In Loading Response (LR) phase the knee joint is in what position with what major muscles on?
15 Flexion
| Quads
36
In Loading Response (LR) phase the ankle joint is in what position with what major muscles on?
5 PF
| Pretibials
37
T/F Initial contact and loading response are period of dual limb support
True
38
What is the functional goal of initial contact and loading response?
combine for the functional goal of weight acceptance, shock absorption, and to provide a stable base for the body to progress over
39
What is Midstance phase (Mst)?
The body progresses over the foot in a controlled manner.
| First instance of single limb support (back foot toe comes up)
40
Critical event of midstance phase (Mst)?
Controlled tibial advancement
41
Opposite limb in what stance during midstance phase (Mst)?
Initial swing phase - Mid swing phase
42
In midstance (Mst) phase the hip joint is in what position with what major muscles on?
0
| Abductors
43
In midstance (Mst) phase the knee joint is in what position with what major muscles on?
5 flexion
| quads are quiet
44
In midstance (Mst) phase the ankle joint is in what position with what major muscles on?
5 DF
| Gastroc/soleus
45
What is Terminal stance phase (Tst)?
Progression over the stance limb continues past the forefoot.
Body is ahead of stance limb.
46
Critical event of terminal stance phase (Tst)?
controlled ankle DF with heel rise
47
Opposite limb in what stance during terminal stance phase (Tst)?
Terminal swing phase
48
In terminal stance (Tst) phase the hip joint is in what position with what major muscles on?
20 extension
| none
49
In terminal stance (Tst) phase the knee joint is in what position with what major muscles on?
5 flexion
| none
50
In terminal stance (Tst) phase the ankle joint is in what position with what major muscles on?
10 DF
| Gastroc/soleus
51
What is Pre-swing Phase (PSw)?
Rapid unloading of the limb with weight transfer to opposite limb, starting the second period of double limb support
52
Critical events of Pre swing phase (Psw)?
Passive knee flexion to 40°, Ankle PF, 60° MTP Ext
53
Opposite limb in what stance during pre swing phase (Psw)?
Initial contact to Loading response
54
In Pre-swing (Psw) phase the hip joint is in what position with what major muscles on?
10 Ext
| Adductors
55
In Pre-swing (Psw) phase the knee joint is in what position with what major muscles on?
40 flexion
| None
56
In Pre-swing (Psw) phase the ankle joint is in what position with what major muscles on?
15 PF
| None -> Tib Ant
57
What is initial swing phase (ISw)?
The thigh begins to advance as the foot leaves the floor
58
Critical events of initial swing phase (ISw)?
Hip flexion, knee flexion
59
Opposite limb in what stance during initial swing phase (ISw)?
Loading response to Mid stance phase
60
In Initial swing (ISw) phase the hip joint is in what position with what major muscles on?
15 flex
| Flexors
61
In Initial swing (ISw) phase the knee joint is in what position with what major muscles on?
60 flex
| flexors
62
In Initial swing (ISw) phase the ankle joint is in what position with what major muscles on?
5 PF
| Pretibials
63
What is Mid swing (MSw) phase?
Thigh continues to advance, knee begins to extend as foot clearance is maintained
64
Critical events of Mid Swing Phase (MSw)?
Continued hip flexion, foot clearance
65
Opposite limb in what stance during mid swing phase (MSw)?
MidStance Phase
66
In Mid Swing (MSw) phase the hip joint is in what position with what major muscles on?
25 flexion
| Flexors
67
In Mid Swing (MSw) phase the knee joint is in what position with what major muscles on?
25 flexion
| Flexors
68
In Mid Swing (MSw) phase the ankle joint is in what position with what major muscles on?
0
| Pretibials
69
What is Terminal swing (TSw)?
The leg reaches out to achieve step length
70
Critical events of Terminal Swing (TSw)?
Knee Extension
71
Opposite limb in what stance during Terminal Swing phase (TSw)?
Terminal stance
72
In Terminal Swing (TSw) phase the hip joint is in what position with what major muscles on?
20 Flex
| Extensors
73
In Terminal Swing (TSw) phase the knee joint is in what position with what major muscles on?
5 Flexion
| Quads
74
In Terminal Swing (TSw) phase the ankle joint is in what position with what major muscles on?
0
| Pretibials
75
What are the three functional tasks of gait?
1. Weight acceptance - forward progression, stability, shock absorption
2. Single Limb Support - stability, forward progression
3. Swing Limb Advancement - foot clearance, limb advancement
76
When does weight acceptance occur?
◦ Initial Contact
| ◦ Loading Response
77
When does single limb support occur?
◦ Mid stance
| ◦ Terminal Stance
78
When does single limb advancement occur?
◦ Pre-swing
◦ Initial swing
◦ Mid swing
◦ Terminal Swing
79
T/F OGA best learned top to bottom
False, bottom to top
80
T/F OGA Is ending point of examination and intervention
False starting point for further examination & intervention
81
T/F Deviations may be the result of problems at other joints/segments
true
82
OGA: some tips
* Big picture first
* Avoid tunnel vision
* Do not let classification of gait dictate your treatment
* Take your time, get it right
* Understand what you are seeing before you try to fix it
* Use anatomical and standard terminology
* Let the patient choose their walking speed
