gagal ginjal akut Flashcards

1
Q

keadaan yang ditandai dengan penurunan secara drastis nilai GFR sehingga menyebabkan produk nitrogen (BUN & creatin tinggi) terakumulasi dalam darah dengan atau tanpa urin output disebut kondisi

A

gagal ginjal akut atau acute kidney injury

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2
Q

diagnosa AKI

A

SCr ≥0,3mg/dl selama 48 jam dan akan meningkatkan 50% selama 7 hari

ATAU

urine output <0,5mg/kg/jam selama 6 jam

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3
Q

etiologi prerenal, intrarenal, postrenal

A

PRERENAL
- sudden decrease BP
- kidney flow obstruction

INTRARENAL
- direct damage to kidney
- kidney inflamation —> autoimun
- infection —> acute intertitial nephritis
- drug (ex: aminoglikosida)

POSTRENAL
urin flow obstruction
ex: BPH

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4
Q

AKI stage 1 by KDIGO 2012

A

serum creatinine:
1,5-1,9 kali baseline
atau
≥0,3mg/dl (≥26,5μmol/l) increase

urine output:
<0,5 ml/kg/jam for 6-12 jam

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5
Q

AKI stage 2 by KDIGO 2012

A

serum creatinine:
2,0-2,9 kali baseline

urine output:
<0,5 ml/kg/jam for 12 jam

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6
Q

AKI stage 3 by KDIGO 2012

A

serum creatinine:
3,0 kali baseline
atau
increase in serum cr to ≥4mg/dl (≥353,6μmol/l)
atau
renal replacement therapy

urine output:
<0,5 ml/kg/jam for ≥12jam
<0,3 ml/kg/jam for ≥24jam
atau
anuria for ≥12jam

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7
Q

komplikasi

A
  • volume overload
  • acidosis
  • gangguan elektrolit & mineral
  • anemia
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8
Q

fungsi ginjal :
mengatur segala sesuatu yang terdapat dalam darah

A
  • membuang sampah tubuh
  • menjaga keseimbangan elektrolit
  • mengatur jumlah air
  • memproduksi hormon
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9
Q

kondisi normal BUN dan kreatinin sebagai parameter fungsi ginjal

A

BUN terhadap kreatin adalah (5-20) : 1

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10
Q

AKI prerenal akibat penurunan aliran darah

A
  • hilangnya cairan tubuh absolut
  • hilangnya cairan tubuh relatif
  • lokal (stenosis arteri)
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11
Q

terapi tergantung penyebab (hipovelemia & gagal jantung)

A

pengantian cairan (infus darah, saline isotonis)

  • inotropik positif
  • anharitmia
  • obat penurun afterload dan preload
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