GABA

Question 1

what does GABA stand for

Answer 1

Gamma-aminobutyric acid

Question 2

what is GABA

Answer 2

inhibitory neurotransmitter that plays crucial role in the central nervous system

Question 3

GABAs inhibition of neural activity

Answer 3

when GABA binds to receptor on neuron, typically opens chloride channels allowing chloride ions to enter the neuron.

influx of negatively charged ions makes the inside of the neuron more negative and less likely to generate an action potential,

thus inhibiting the neurons activity.

this is all mainly GABA- A

Question 4

GABAs receptors

Answer 4

GABA-A and GABA- B

Question 5

what type of receptor is GABA- A

Answer 5

ligand gated ion channel

Question 6

what type of receptor is GABA-B

Answer 6

G-protein coupled

Question 7

what is the anxiolytic effect

Answer 7

anxiety reducing effect (benzodiazepines) act on GABA-A receptors. these drugs enhance the inhibitory effects of GABA leading to calming

Question 8

what is GABA made from

Answer 8

Glutamate

Question 9

what are some reasons for insufficient GABA levels

Answer 9

neurological disorders like epilepsy
not enough glutamate
genetic factors
brain trauma

Question 10

list some symptoms of insufficient GABA

Answer 10

anxiety, stress
alcoholism
hypertension
insomnia
chronic pain

Question 11

what are some things that increase GABA levels

Answer 11

magnesium
L-thanine
L-arginine
B

Question 12

what are symptoms for excess GABA

Answer 12

low blood pressure
Gastric distress
constipation
muscle weakness
shortness of breath
nausea

Question 13

how do you reduce GABA

Answer 13

stimulants like caffeine
GABA-A antagonists

Question 14

what are GABA-A modulatory sites

Answer 14

sites where various substances can bind and modulate receptor activity
e.g. benzodiazepine-binding site

Question 15

GABA-B structure

Answer 15

heterodimer composed of 2 subunits, GABA-B1 and GABA-B2

Question 16

what is GABA-B1 responsible for

Answer 16

ligand binding

Question 17

what is GABA-B2 responsible for

Answer 17

receptor signalling

Question 18

how many transmembrane domains for both subunits have

Answer 18

7

Question 19

what happens when GABA binds to GABA-B

Answer 19

intracellular domains of GABA-B1 and GABA-B2 interact with G proteins, specifically Ga and GBY subunits.

this interaction triggers downstream signalling cascade

Question 20

what do GABA-B receptors signal through

Answer 20

inhibitory G proteins, leading to the inhibition of adenylate cyclase and a subsequent decrease in cAMP levels.

Question 21

where are GABA-B receptors located

Answer 21

presynaptically, where their activation inhibits the release of neurotransmitters including GABA itself.

Question 22

GABA-B modulation of neuronal excitability

Answer 22

GABA-B receptors modulate excitability by influencing ion channels such as potassium and calcium.
resulting hyperpolarisation or inhibition of calcium influx contributes to the overall inhibitory effect