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T1- brit GA1. Midterm 2- Unit 2 > GA1. The Heart > Flashcards

GA1. The Heart Flashcards

1
Q

Fibers that are sensory stim. from skin, fascia, bones, tendons, skeletal muscle (for proproception), and lig.

A

GSA

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2
Q

Fibers that are for motor stim. to the skeletal muscle (ONLY)

A

GSE

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3
Q

Fibers that are sensory stim from the organs

A

GVA

  • when I need to urinate
  • PLay a big role in the heart
  • Hunger pains
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4
Q

motor fibers to smooth muscle, cardiac, and glandary tis

A

GVE

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5
Q

Any sectretions for from _____ fiber stimulis

A

GVE

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6
Q

Fiber for visual stim.

A

SSA

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7
Q

Fiber type for auditory stim

A

SSA

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8
Q

Fiber type for equilibrium stim

A

SSA

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9
Q

The CN of SSA fibers

A

II: Optic
VIII: Vestibulocochlear

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10
Q

fiber type for Smell

A

SVA

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11
Q

Fiber type for taste

A

SVA

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12
Q

Fiber type for taste and smell

A

SVA

  • SVA is the italian fiber of eating
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13
Q

Special fiber for skeletal muscle of the face

A

SVE

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14
Q

CN for SVA fibers

A

I , VII, IX, X

I= olfactory

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15
Q

CN for the SVE fibers

A

V, VII, IX, X

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16
Q

CN for PS pregg nerves

A

3, 7, 9,10

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17
Q

The pericardium is located in the _____ mediastinum

A

Middle

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18
Q

The pericardium is located btw _____ to ____ costal cartilages

A

2-6th costal cartliages

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19
Q

__________ lig bounds the pericardium to the diaphragm

A

pericardiophrenic

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20
Q

_______ lig bounds the pericardium to the sternum

A

sternopericardial lig

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21
Q

_______ : the outer tough fibrous layer of dense irregular CT of the pericardium

A

fibrous pericardium

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22
Q

_____: the parietal layer and visceral layer of the pericardium makes up this cavity

A

serous pericardium

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23
Q

The serous pericardium contains ______ ml serous fluid

A

5-30ml

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24
Q

Another name for the isceral layer of the pericardium

A

epicardium

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25
Q

What is the epicardium of the heart made of ?

A

visceral pericardium

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26
Q

Name the 3 layers of tis of the heart

A
  1. epicardium
  2. myocardium
  3. endocardium
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27
Q

*** Name the 3 N. supplies of the pericardium

A
  1. phrenic (C3-C5)
  2. vagus
  3. SP trunk
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28
Q

c.c.______: inflammation of the pericardium

A

pericarditis

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29
Q

C.C. pericarditisis can progress into ______

A

pericardial effusion

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30
Q

C.C. ________: the extensive amt of serous fluid in the pericardium

(occurs during infection)

A

pericardial effusion

  • occurs during infection
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31
Q

______ N. runs with the pericardiacophrenic art

A

phrenic (C3-C5)

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32
Q

What art. that is a blood supply to the pericardium runs with the phrenic art.

A

periocardiacphrenic art

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33
Q

hemopericardium occurs when the _______ art ruptures and bleeds into the cavity

A

coronary art.

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34
Q

?? Name the four main contributes to the pericardium arterial supply

A
  1. Branches of the internal thoracic (musculophrenic & pericardiophrenic art)
  2. pericardiophrenic
  3. musculophrenic
  4. thoracic aorta
    (bronchial, esophageal, sup. phrenic art.)
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35
Q

_______ art. gives blood supply to the visceral layer of the pericardium

A

coronary art.

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36
Q

2 terminal branches of the internal thoracic art.

A
  1. sup. epigastric art.

2. musculophrenic art. (contributes to the pericardium )

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37
Q

Terminal branch of the internal thoracic art that contibutes to the pericardium

A

musculophrenic art.

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38
Q

What are the 2 branches of the internal thoracic art. that contribute to arterial blood supply of the pericardium

A
  1. musculophrenic

2. pericardiophrenic

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39
Q

From what art. does the musculophrenic art. come from

A

internal thoracic art.

musclop. gives blood to the pericardium

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40
Q

From what art foes the pericardiophrenic art. arise from ?

A

internal thoracic art.

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41
Q

______ N. is the primary sensory nerve for the pericardium

A

phrenic

C3, C4, C5 keeps the diaphragm alive

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42
Q

C.C. ______ N. deals with referred pain to the ipsilateral supraclavicular region

A

Phrenic N.

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43
Q

___N. is responsible for the vasomotor innervation of the pericardium

A

Sympathetic trunk

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44
Q

c.c _______ When blood collects into the pericardium cavity. As it accumulates it keeps the heart from expanding

A

Cardiac temponade

can occur when the coronary art. ruptures

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45
Q

Sx of cardiac temonade

A
  1. prominante nec veins
  2. weak pulse
  3. decrease BP
  4. Deminished heart sounds
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46
Q

Condition where blood causes pressure on the heart & restricts it from expanding during ventricle relaxation. It impedes blood in the suprior/ inferior VC from entering into the R. Atrium

A

Cardiac temonade

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47
Q

Location of the sternal angle

A

2nd costal cartilage

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48
Q

Sternocostal (anterior) surface of the heart

A

RV

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49
Q

L. Pulmonary surfae of the heart

A

mainly: LV
Part: LA

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50
Q

R. Pulmonary surface of the heart

A

RA

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51
Q

Inferior diaphragmatic surface

A

Mainly: LV
Partly: RV

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52
Q

Base of the hearts surface

A

LA

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53
Q

Base of the heart is located at the ____ - ____ vertebrae

A

T6-T9

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54
Q

The apex of the heart is located at the _____ at the MCL

A

5th ICS

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55
Q

The surface of the base of the heart is made up of

A

LA

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56
Q

Surface of the apex of the heart

A

LV

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57
Q

Superior border of the Heart

A

RA, LA, and auricle

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58
Q

Inferior border of the heart

A

RV

slight LV

59
Q

Left border of the heart

A

LV

slight L. auricle

60
Q

Right border of the heart

A

RA

IVC, SVC

61
Q

The pulmonary v. opening is located where in the heart

62
Q

Crista terminalis location

63
Q

Sinus venarum location

64
Q

pectinate muscle location

65
Q

Venous openings are where in the heart

66
Q

Fossa ovalis location

67
Q

Conus arteriosus location

A

RV

aka infundibulum

68
Q

Another name for conus arteriosus

A

infundibulum

69
Q

How many papillary muscles are there in the RV?

70
Q

Where are papillary muscles located

71
Q

Where are trabeculae carnae located

72
Q

Moderator band location

73
Q

Chordae tendinaea location

74
Q

____ ventricle has thicker muscle then the other ventricle bc ____

A

LV, bc it pumps blood out of the heart.

75
Q

_____ is a smooth wall on which the SVC and IVC and coronary sinus open

A

Sinus venarum (RA)

76
Q

Rough muscular anterior wall is the _____

77
Q

The RA received de-O2 blood from?

A
  1. IVC
  2. SVC
  3. Coronary sinus
78
Q

__ externally separates the smooth and rough parts of the atrial wall

A

suclus terminalis

outside of the heart

79
Q

What does the sulcus terminalis groove cause inside of the heart

A

crista terminalis

80
Q

The crist terminalis is formed by what external feature

A

sulcus terminalis

81
Q

The smooth and rought parts of the RA are separated by the _____

A

crista terminalis

82
Q

_______ is where cardiac veins are introduced into the RA

A

Coronary Sinus

83
Q

______ is a remnant of the foramen ovale

A

Fossa ovalis (thumb print depression in the interatrial septum

84
Q

_____ is the thumb print in the interatrial septum

A

Fossa ovalis

85
Q

______ leads into the pulmonary trunk

A

conus arteriosus (RV)

86
Q

_____ arise from papillary muscles

A

chordea tendneae

87
Q

What do the choardea tendeae attach to?

A

papillary M. & septal cusps

88
Q

Another name for the moderator band

A

septomarginal trabecula

89
Q

_____ carries part of the R. branch of the AV bumdle to the anterior papillary muscle

A

moderator band

90
Q

What are semilunar valves

A

aortic and pulmponary valves

91
Q

What was the fxn of the foramen ovali

A

In the fetus it allowed the blood to bypass the lung

92
Q

______ is a remnant of the ductus arteriosum

A

ligamentum ovali

93
Q

R. coronary art. distributes blood to which parts of the heart

A

RA, most of the RV, part of the LV, Anterioventricular septum , SA node, AV node

94
Q

Dominance of the coronary arterial system is defined by _______

A

which art gives rise to the posterior interventricular art

95
Q

L coronary artery gives blood to…

A

LA, LV, part of the RV, iinterventricle septum, AV bundle , SA node

96
Q

LA receives blood from the ____

97
Q

The RA receives blood from the ____

98
Q

The r. Marginal branch of the RCA gives blood to the

99
Q

If the LCA is carrying the SA node, what is the origin of the SA node ?

A

Circumflex branch of the LCA (40%)

100
Q

If the RCA is carrying the SA node, what is its origin?

A

Near the origin of the RCA (60%)

101
Q

Posterior interventricular branch supplies blood to the ?

A

RV , LV, and interventricular septum

102
Q

What is the origin of the L. marginal branch in the heart

A

circumflex branch

103
Q

The circumflex branch of the LCA gives rise to what two arteries?

A
  1. SA NODE (40%)

2. L. Marginal branch of circumflex branch

104
Q

The great cardiac vein runs with this?

A

anterior interventricular branch of the LCA

105
Q

The Great cardiac V. runs with _____

A

Anterior intercentricular Art.

106
Q

The Middle Cardiac V. runs with the _____

A

Posterior intrventricular Art.

107
Q

The Small Cardiac V. runs with the ____

A

R. Marginal art.

108
Q

_____ are the smallest cardiac veins and originate in the myocardium of the heart

A

vena cordis minimi

  • drain straight into the atria
109
Q

The skeleton of the heart is composed of _____

A

fibrocartilaginous tissue

110
Q

What is the primary pacemaker?

111
Q

Name the path of the heart conduction

A

SA node–> Internodal fasciculi–> AV node –> AV bundle (of His) –> Purkinje fibers –> cardiac muscle

112
Q

_____ is located at the jxn of the SVC and RA, near the sulcus terminalis

113
Q

SA NOde is stim by the _____ to speed up the heart

A

Sympathetic system

114
Q

The SA node is inhibuted by _____ to slow the heart down

A

Parasympathetic sytem

115
Q

________ is located the intratrial septum and coronary sinus

116
Q

The AV node distributes the signal to the ventricles through the ______

117
Q

The right bunble of the AV node stim the ant. papillary muscle throught the ___

A

moderator band (septomarginal)

118
Q

What three N.s does the cardac plexus contain?

A

Vagus
thoracic splanchinic
cervical cardiac N

119
Q

Vagus N is always

120
Q

Pregg PS fibers in the heart derive from what nerve

121
Q

Postgg. SP fibers are derived form what nerves in the heart

A

Thoracic splanchnic

& cervical cardiac N

122
Q

______ : lact of blood flow

A

ischemic pain

123
Q

Ischemic pain is detected by ______

A

SP fibers of the

Thoracic splanchnic N & cervical Cardiac N

124
Q

_____: is change in the BP and changes in chem. composition of the heart

EX: Decrease pH , CO2

A

cardiac reflexes

125
Q

Cardiac reflexes are deteacted by ___

A

Vagus N

pregg PS

126
Q

C.C. Patient has pnemonia. The fluid in the lungs obstructs the exchange of O2 with the blood. This causes a decrease in O2 and increased CO2 & acidity in the blood. This is detected by what fiber type?

A

Vagus N. = cardiac Reflex

127
Q

Thoracic splanchnic N is derived from ______ vertebral level

128
Q

is the sympathetic change para/ prevertebral ?

A

paravertebral

129
Q

A line connecting the inf. margin of 2nd L. _______ border: costal cartilage and sup. margin of 3rd R. costal cartilage

130
Q

______ border: line connecting the 3rd - 6th R. costal cartilage

A

Right border

131
Q

_____ border: 6th R. costal cartilage to apux (mline at L. 5th intercostal space

A

Inferior border

132
Q

Costal cartilages at the superior border of the heart

A

2nd L. inferior costal cartlage to

3rd R. sup. costal margin

133
Q

Cost cartilages at the R. border of the heart

A

3rd. R. costal cartilage to

6th R. costal cartilage

134
Q

Pulmonic ausculation is at the ___

A

2nd L. intercostal space lateral to the sternum

135
Q

Aortic ausculation is at the ____

A

2nd right intercostal space lateral to the sternum

136
Q

Tricuspid ausculation is at ____

A

over the lower portion of the sternum

137
Q

Mitral ausculation is at the ____

A

5th left intercostal 1/2 in. medial to the MCL

138
Q

Erb’s point ausculation is at the ____

A

left sternal border at 3rd ICS where the S2 is best hear

139
Q

First heart sound hear is the ____

A

closer of the AV valves (bicuspid & tricuspid)

140
Q

Second heart sound heard is produced by the closure of the _____

A

semilunar valves (pulmonic and aortic)

141
Q

What is an AV valve

A

bicuspid and tricuspid

142
Q

What is a semilunar valve

A

pulmonic and aortic

143
Q

Who would you find a third heart sound in ?

A

children and athletes

T1- brit GA1. Midterm 2- Unit 2 (7 decks)

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