GA1. The Heart Flashcards
1
Q
Fibers that are sensory stim. from skin, fascia, bones, tendons, skeletal muscle (for proproception), and lig.
A
GSA
2
Q
Fibers that are for motor stim. to the skeletal muscle (ONLY)
A
GSE
3
Q
Fibers that are sensory stim from the organs
A
GVA
- when I need to urinate
- PLay a big role in the heart
- Hunger pains
4
Q
motor fibers to smooth muscle, cardiac, and glandary tis
A
GVE
5
Q
Any sectretions for from _____ fiber stimulis
A
GVE
6
Q
Fiber for visual stim.
A
SSA
7
Q
Fiber type for auditory stim
A
SSA
8
Q
Fiber type for equilibrium stim
A
SSA
9
Q
The CN of SSA fibers
A
II: Optic
VIII: Vestibulocochlear
10
Q
fiber type for Smell
A
SVA
11
Q
Fiber type for taste
A
SVA
12
Q
Fiber type for taste and smell
A
SVA
- SVA is the italian fiber of eating
13
Q
Special fiber for skeletal muscle of the face
A
SVE
14
Q
CN for SVA fibers
A
I , VII, IX, X
I= olfactory
15
Q
CN for the SVE fibers
A
V, VII, IX, X
16
Q
CN for PS pregg nerves
A
3, 7, 9,10
17
Q
The pericardium is located in the _____ mediastinum
A
Middle
18
Q
The pericardium is located btw _____ to ____ costal cartilages
A
2-6th costal cartliages
19
Q
__________ lig bounds the pericardium to the diaphragm
A
pericardiophrenic
20
Q
_______ lig bounds the pericardium to the sternum
A
sternopericardial lig
21
Q
_______ : the outer tough fibrous layer of dense irregular CT of the pericardium
A
fibrous pericardium
22
Q
_____: the parietal layer and visceral layer of the pericardium makes up this cavity
A
serous pericardium
23
Q
The serous pericardium contains ______ ml serous fluid
A
5-30ml
24
Q
Another name for the isceral layer of the pericardium
A
epicardium
25
What is the epicardium of the heart made of ?
visceral pericardium
26
Name the 3 layers of tis of the heart
1. epicardium
2. myocardium
3. endocardium
27
*** Name the 3 N. supplies of the pericardium
1. phrenic (C3-C5)
2. vagus
3. SP trunk
28
c.c.______: inflammation of the pericardium
pericarditis
29
C.C. pericarditisis can progress into ______
pericardial effusion
30
C.C. ________: the extensive amt of serous fluid in the pericardium
(occurs during infection)
pericardial effusion
* occurs during infection
31
______ N. runs with the pericardiacophrenic art
phrenic (C3-C5)
32
What art. that is a blood supply to the pericardium runs with the phrenic art.
periocardiacphrenic art
33
hemopericardium occurs when the _______ art ruptures and bleeds into the cavity
coronary art.
34
?? Name the four main contributes to the pericardium arterial supply
1. Branches of the internal thoracic (musculophrenic & pericardiophrenic art)
2. pericardiophrenic
3. musculophrenic
4. thoracic aorta
(bronchial, esophageal, sup. phrenic art.)
35
_______ art. gives blood supply to the visceral layer of the pericardium
coronary art.
36
2 terminal branches of the internal thoracic art.
1. sup. epigastric art.
| 2. musculophrenic art. (contributes to the pericardium )
37
Terminal branch of the internal thoracic art that contibutes to the pericardium
musculophrenic art.
38
What are the 2 branches of the internal thoracic art. that contribute to arterial blood supply of the pericardium
1. musculophrenic
| 2. pericardiophrenic
39
From what art. does the musculophrenic art. come from
internal thoracic art.
| musclop. gives blood to the pericardium
40
From what art foes the pericardiophrenic art. arise from ?
internal thoracic art.
41
______ N. is the primary sensory nerve for the pericardium
phrenic
| C3, C4, C5 keeps the diaphragm alive
42
C.C. ______ N. deals with referred pain to the ipsilateral supraclavicular region
Phrenic N.
43
___N. is responsible for the vasomotor innervation of the pericardium
Sympathetic trunk
44
c.c _______ When blood collects into the pericardium cavity. As it accumulates it keeps the heart from expanding
Cardiac temponade
| can occur when the coronary art. ruptures
45
Sx of cardiac temonade
1. prominante nec veins
2. weak pulse
3. decrease BP
4. Deminished heart sounds
46
Condition where blood causes pressure on the heart & restricts it from expanding during ventricle relaxation. It impedes blood in the suprior/ inferior VC from entering into the R. Atrium
Cardiac temonade
47
Location of the sternal angle
2nd costal cartilage
48
Sternocostal (anterior) surface of the heart
RV
49
L. Pulmonary surfae of the heart
mainly: LV
Part: LA
50
R. Pulmonary surface of the heart
RA
51
Inferior diaphragmatic surface
Mainly: LV
Partly: RV
52
Base of the hearts surface
LA
53
Base of the heart is located at the ____ - ____ vertebrae
T6-T9
54
The apex of the heart is located at the _____ at the MCL
5th ICS
55
The surface of the base of the heart is made up of
LA
56
Surface of the apex of the heart
LV
57
Superior border of the Heart
RA, LA, and auricle
58
Inferior border of the heart
RV
| slight LV
59
Left border of the heart
LV
| slight L. auricle
60
Right border of the heart
RA
| IVC, SVC
61
The pulmonary v. opening is located where in the heart
LA
62
Crista terminalis location
RA
63
Sinus venarum location
RA
64
pectinate muscle location
RA
65
Venous openings are where in the heart
RA
66
Fossa ovalis location
RA
67
Conus arteriosus location
RV
| aka infundibulum
68
Another name for conus arteriosus
infundibulum
69
How many papillary muscles are there in the RV?
3 muscles
70
Where are papillary muscles located
RV
71
Where are trabeculae carnae located
RV
72
Moderator band location
RV
73
Chordae tendinaea location
RV
74
____ ventricle has thicker muscle then the other ventricle bc ____
LV, bc it pumps blood out of the heart.
75
_____ is a smooth wall on which the SVC and IVC and coronary sinus open
Sinus venarum (RA)
76
Rough muscular anterior wall is the _____
pectinate
77
The RA received de-O2 blood from?
1. IVC
2. SVC
3. Coronary sinus
78
__ externally separates the smooth and rough parts of the atrial wall
suclus terminalis
| outside of the heart
79
What does the sulcus terminalis groove cause inside of the heart
crista terminalis
80
The crist terminalis is formed by what external feature
sulcus terminalis
81
The smooth and rought parts of the RA are separated by the _____
crista terminalis
82
_______ is where cardiac veins are introduced into the RA
Coronary Sinus
83
______ is a remnant of the foramen ovale
Fossa ovalis (thumb print depression in the interatrial septum
84
_____ is the thumb print in the interatrial septum
Fossa ovalis
85
______ leads into the pulmonary trunk
conus arteriosus (RV)
86
_____ arise from papillary muscles
chordea tendneae
87
What do the choardea tendeae attach to?
papillary M. & septal cusps
88
Another name for the moderator band
septomarginal trabecula
89
_____ carries part of the R. branch of the AV bumdle to the anterior papillary muscle
moderator band
90
What are semilunar valves
aortic and pulmponary valves
91
What was the fxn of the foramen ovali
In the fetus it allowed the blood to bypass the lung
92
______ is a remnant of the ductus arteriosum
ligamentum ovali
93
R. coronary art. distributes blood to which parts of the heart
RA, most of the RV, part of the LV, Anterioventricular septum , SA node, AV node
94
Dominance of the coronary arterial system is defined by _______
which art gives rise to the posterior interventricular art
95
L coronary artery gives blood to...
LA, LV, part of the RV, iinterventricle septum, AV bundle , SA node
96
LA receives blood from the ____
LCA
97
The RA receives blood from the ____
RCA
98
The r. Marginal branch of the RCA gives blood to the
RV & Apex
99
If the LCA is carrying the SA node, what is the origin of the SA node ?
Circumflex branch of the LCA (40%)
100
If the RCA is carrying the SA node, what is its origin?
Near the origin of the RCA (60%)
101
Posterior interventricular branch supplies blood to the ?
RV , LV, and interventricular septum
102
What is the origin of the L. marginal branch in the heart
circumflex branch
103
The circumflex branch of the LCA gives rise to what two arteries?
1. SA NODE (40%)
| 2. L. Marginal branch of circumflex branch
104
The great cardiac vein runs with this?
anterior interventricular branch of the LCA
105
The Great cardiac V. runs with _____
Anterior intercentricular Art.
106
The Middle Cardiac V. runs with the _____
Posterior intrventricular Art.
107
The Small Cardiac V. runs with the ____
R. Marginal art.
108
_____ are the smallest cardiac veins and originate in the myocardium of the heart
vena cordis minimi
- drain straight into the atria
109
The skeleton of the heart is composed of _____
fibrocartilaginous tissue
110
What is the primary pacemaker?
SA node
111
Name the path of the heart conduction
SA node--> Internodal fasciculi--> AV node --> AV bundle (of His) --> Purkinje fibers --> cardiac muscle
112
_____ is located at the jxn of the SVC and RA, near the sulcus terminalis
SA node
113
SA NOde is stim by the _____ to speed up the heart
Sympathetic system
114
The SA node is inhibuted by _____ to slow the heart down
Parasympathetic sytem
115
________ is located the intratrial septum and coronary sinus
AV Node
116
The AV node distributes the signal to the ventricles through the ______
AV bundle
117
The right bunble of the AV node stim the ant. papillary muscle throught the ___
moderator band (septomarginal)
118
What three N.s does the cardac plexus contain?
Vagus
thoracic splanchinic
cervical cardiac N
119
Vagus N is always
pregg PS
120
Pregg PS fibers in the heart derive from what nerve
Vagus
GVA
121
Postgg. SP fibers are derived form what nerves in the heart
Thoracic splanchnic
| & cervical cardiac N
122
______ : lact of blood flow
ischemic pain
123
Ischemic pain is detected by ______
SP fibers of the
| Thoracic splanchnic N & cervical Cardiac N
124
_____: is change in the BP and changes in chem. composition of the heart
EX: Decrease pH , CO2
cardiac reflexes
125
Cardiac reflexes are deteacted by ___
Vagus N
| pregg PS
126
C.C. Patient has pnemonia. The fluid in the lungs obstructs the exchange of O2 with the blood. This causes a decrease in O2 and increased CO2 & acidity in the blood. This is detected by what fiber type?
Vagus N. = cardiac Reflex
127
Thoracic splanchnic N is derived from ______ vertebral level
T1-T4
128
is the sympathetic change para/ prevertebral ?
paravertebral
129
A line connecting the inf. margin of 2nd L. _______ border: costal cartilage and sup. margin of 3rd R. costal cartilage
Superior
130
______ border: line connecting the 3rd - 6th R. costal cartilage
Right border
131
_____ border: 6th R. costal cartilage to apux (mline at L. 5th intercostal space
Inferior border
132
Costal cartilages at the superior border of the heart
2nd L. inferior costal cartlage to
| 3rd R. sup. costal margin
133
Cost cartilages at the R. border of the heart
3rd. R. costal cartilage to
| 6th R. costal cartilage
134
Pulmonic ausculation is at the ___
2nd L. intercostal space lateral to the sternum
135
Aortic ausculation is at the ____
2nd right intercostal space lateral to the sternum
136
Tricuspid ausculation is at ____
over the lower portion of the sternum
137
Mitral ausculation is at the ____
5th left intercostal 1/2 in. medial to the MCL
138
Erb's point ausculation is at the ____
left sternal border at 3rd ICS where the S2 is best hear
139
First heart sound hear is the ____
closer of the AV valves (bicuspid & tricuspid)
140
Second heart sound heard is produced by the closure of the _____
semilunar valves (pulmonic and aortic)
141
What is an AV valve
bicuspid and tricuspid
142
What is a semilunar valve
pulmonic and aortic
143
Who would you find a third heart sound in ?
children and athletes
