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T1- brit GA1. Midterm 2- Unit 2 > GA1. Anterior Abdominal Wall > Flashcards

GA1. Anterior Abdominal Wall Flashcards

1
Q

Transpyloric plane is at _____ vert.

A

L1

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2
Q

Subcostal plane is at _______ vert.

A

L3

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3
Q

Supracristal plane is at ____ vert

A

L4

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4
Q

Intertubercular plane is at _____ vert

A

L5

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5
Q

_______ plane is found mid way btw Jugular notch and symphysis pubis

A

Transpyloric Plane

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6
Q

The pyloric of the stomach is found in ______ plane

A

transpyloric PLane

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7
Q

_______ plane is at the hightest point of the iliac crest

A

supracristal plane

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8
Q

________ plane passes through L/R iliac tubercles

A

Intertubercular plane

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9
Q

________ plane is found midway btw transpyloric plane and symphysis pubis

A

Intertubercular plane

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10
Q

Name the 3 planes that make up the various regions of the body

A
  1. miclavicular line - vertical
    2.Subcostal - (L3) Lowest edge of the 10th
    costal cart.
  2. transtubericle Plane - (L5)
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11
Q

Another name for the L/R flank region

A

Lumbar region

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12
Q

Another name for the pubic region

A

Hypogastric

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13
Q

Another name for the L/R groin

A

Iliac or inguinal

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14
Q

Organs in the RUQ

A

Liver

GB

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15
Q

Organs in the LUQ

A

Stomach
Spleen

(2 S.S. on the left)

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16
Q

When drawing the quadrant system where are the lines drawn through?

A

umbilicus

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17
Q

How do you locate McMurphy’s pt?

A

Intersection of the R. Midclavicular Line & R. Subcostal margin

= GB disease

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18
Q

Pt. at which we find tenderness for GB disease

A

McMurphy’s pt.

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19
Q

Describe how to find McBurney’s Pt.

A

-From the umbilicus to R. ASIS
-Subdivide into 3 parts
Jxn btw medial 2/3rds and lateral 1/3

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20
Q

______ pt is found drawing a line from the umblicus to R. ASIS . Subdivide into 3 parts and it is the jxn btw medial 2/3rds and lat. 1/3rd

A

McBurney’s Pt

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21
Q

Another name for the fatty layer of the superficial fascia membranous layer

A

camper’s fascia

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22
Q

Name the order of layers that are cut when cutting for an exploratory surgery

A

skin–> Camper’s fascia–> scarpas fascia–> linea alba –> transversalis fascia –> extraperitoneal fascia –> parietal peritoneum

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23
Q

Layers that are cut when doing surgery for a McBurneys pt incission

A

Skin–> camper’s fascia–> scarpas fascia–> eternal obl. –> internal obl. transverse ab. –> transversalis fascia–> extraperitoneal fascia –> parietal peritoneum

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24
Q

The inguinal lig. is formed by_______

A

external abdominal obliq. aperneurosis that rolls up

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25
Q

What are the attachments of the inguinal lig.

A

ASIS and pubic tubericle

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26
Q

O & I External abd. Obliq

A

O: lower 8 ribs

I: Lat. lip of the iliac crest;
aponeurosis ending in linea alba

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27
Q

O & I Internal Abd. Obliq.

A

O: Thoracolumbar fascia;
iliac crest;
lat. 2/3 of inguinal lig.

I: Inferior border of lower 3-4 ribs;
aponeurosis ending in linea alba;
pubic crest
pectineal line

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28
Q

O & I Transversus Abd.

A

O: Thoracolumbar fascia;
med. lip of iliac crest;
lat. 1/3 of inguinal lig.;
costal cart. of lower 6 ribs

I: Aponeurosis ending in linea alba;
pubic crest
pectineal line

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29
Q

O & I Rectus Abdominis

A

O: Pubic Crest
Pubic tubercle
Pubic symphysis

I: Costal cart. of ribs 5-7

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30
Q

O & I Pyramidalis

A

O: front of pubis and pubic symphysis

I: into linea alba

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31
Q

The spermadicord exits out of what structure _____ through the ________ muscle

A

Superficial inguanal ring

Throught the external abd. oblique M.

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32
Q

Name the two lig. in the anterior abdominal wall

A
  1. funiform lig.

2. Suspensory lig

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33
Q

The fundiform lig. runs from the membranous layer of superficial fascia extending from the ________ to the _______

A

symphysis pubis to the linea alba

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34
Q

The suspensory lig that runs from the deep fascia extending from the ______ to the base of the _______

A

pubis symphysis to the penis or clit

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35
Q

_____ ligament runs from the deep fascia extending from the pubis symphysis to the penis or clit

A

suspensory lig

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36
Q

______ lig. runs from the membranous layer of superficial fascia extending from the symphysis pubis to the linea alba

A

Fundiform lig.

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37
Q

Abdominal muscles support the abdominal _____ as a corset

A

viscera

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38
Q

4 fxn of the abdominal muscles

A
  1. support abdom. viscera
  2. Breathing
  3. Valsalva maneuver
  4. movement of the trunk and posture
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39
Q

__________ is when the abdominals contract and cause an increase in intraabdominal pressure to go to the restroom

A

Vasalv’a Maneuver

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40
Q

______ is the inferior edge of the posterior rectus sheath

A

Arcuate line

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41
Q

In btw what two structures does the posterior rectus sheath end?

A

Mid way btw the umbilicus and pubis

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42
Q

Name the aponeurosis that actually splits and goes around the rectus abdominus anteriorly and posteriorly

A

Laminae of aponeurosis of the internal oblique

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43
Q

______ line is the lateral boarder of the rectus abdominus

A

semilunar line

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44
Q

____ is the fusion of all the aponeurosis of the abdominal muscles

A

linea alba

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45
Q

4 fxn of the anterolateral Abdominal Muscles

A
  1. Support
  2. Support viscera and protects them from injuries
  3. Compress contents and increases the intra-abdominal pressure by opposing the diaphragm
  4. Movement and maintain posture
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46
Q

Increase tone of the abdominals = _____ pelvic tilt

A

posterior

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47
Q

decrease tone in the rectus abdominals = ________ pelvic tilt

A

anterior

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48
Q

Thoracoabdominal N. derive from what level?

A

T7-T11

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49
Q

Origin of thoracoabdominal N. (T7-T11)

A

Continuation of lower intercostal N

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50
Q

7-9th lateral cutaneous N branches orgin

A

From T7-T9 intercostal N

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51
Q

Origin of the Subcostal N (T12)

A

Spinal nerve T12

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52
Q

What are two branches of the lumbar plexus

A

Iliohypogastric (L1)

Ilioinguinal (L1)

53
Q

Distribution of the thoracoabdominal N (t7-T11)

A

Muscles and overlying skin

dermatomes

54
Q

Distribution of 7-9th lateral cutanoeous branches

A

Skin of R. and L. hypochondriac region

55
Q

Subcostal N (T12) distribution

A

(dermatome) muscles and overlying skin superior to iliac crest and inferior to umbilicus

56
Q

Distribution of the Iliohypogastric (L1) N.

A

Skin overlying iliac crest, upper inguinal, and hypogastric regions; internal oblique and transversus abdominals

57
Q

Ilioinguinal (L1) N distribution

A

Skin of lower inguinal region, mons pubis, anterior scrotum or labium majus, and adj medial thigh; inferiormost internal oblique and transversus abdominal

58
Q

Vertebral level of subcostal N

A

T12

59
Q

Iliohyogastric N. vertebral level

A

L1

60
Q

Ilioinguinal N vertebral level

A

L1

61
Q

Name the 3 peritoneal umbilical folds of the anterior wall

A
  1. Median umbilical fold
  2. Medial umbilicus lig
  3. Lateral fold
62
Q

Where does the median umbilical fold attach

A

Run from the apex of the bladder to the umbilicus

63
Q

The median fold is a remnant of _____

A

urachus

was the development of the urinary bladder

64
Q

______ joined the apex of fetal bladder to the umbilicus

A

Urachus

65
Q

______ is a structure that covers the medial umbilical ligaments

A

Medial umbicical folds

66
Q

the _________ fold was formed by obliterated umbilical art.

A

Medial Lig.

67
Q

The _____ fold covers the inferior epigastric vessels - artery and vein

A

Lateral fold

68
Q

__________- an opening in the aponeurosis of the external abdominal oblique muscle

A

Superficial inguinal ring

69
Q

______- opening in the transversalis fascia

A

Deep inguinal ring

70
Q

Superficial inguinal ring and deep inguinal ring are covered by_______

A

parietal peritoneum

71
Q

The floor of the inguinal canal is formed by ____________ and __________

A

inguinal ligament and lacunar ligament

72
Q

The roof of the inguinal canal is the arching fibers of ________ and _________

A

internal oblique and transversus abdominis muscle

73
Q

The anterior wall of the inguinal canal is formed by the aponeurosis of the _______ muscle

A

aperneurosis of the external abdominal oblique muscle, and reinforced by internal oblique M

74
Q

The posterior wall of the inguinal canal is forme by ______, and reinforced medially by ________ tendon

A

Transversalis fascia , conjoint tendon

75
Q

The fxn of the inguinal canal in males is to allow _______

A

the spermatic cord to pass to and from the testis

76
Q

The function of the inguinal canal in females permits the passage of ________ ligament of the uterus

A

round lig

77
Q

The inguinal canal allows the passage of the round ligament of the uterus from the ______ to the ________

A

uterus to the labium majus

78
Q

The _______ nerve runs in the inguinal canal (in both sexes)

A

( L1) ilioinguinal N

79
Q

_______ inguinal ring creates the opening where the spermaticord/ round lig. exits the aponeurosis of the external abd. obliq M.

A

Superficial inguinal ring

80
Q

________ inguinal ring is the enterance of the inguinal canal

A

Deep inguinal ring

where the vas deferense/ round lig enters the transversalis fascia

81
Q

The inguinal canal is formed by the decent of ________ in males

A

testes

82
Q

The inguinal N. is derived from _______

A

L1

83
Q

______ suspends testis in the scrotum

A

spermatic cord

84
Q

The spermatic cord begins at _______

A

the deep inguinal ring

ends at posterior border of the testis

85
Q

Testis originate from what type of tissue?

A 
intermediate mesoderm 
(in the post. abd. wall)
86
Q

The processus vaginalis is an invagination of ________ during testis decent

A

Parietal peritoneum

87
Q

C.C. Indirect type of inguinal hernia is caused by _______ failing to close at birth

A

processus vaginalis

88
Q

c.c. : The processus vaginalis failed to closed during birth, and now there is abd. contents in the scrotum . This is called ______

A

indirect type of inguinal hernia

89
Q

_____ is an opening in the processus vaginalis on the Anterior aspect of the testis

A

tunica vaginalis

90
Q

Name the 4 structures that get pulled down when the testis descend making the spermaticord

A
  1. Testicular art. & veins
  2. vas deferens
  3. Nerves
  4. Lymphatic
91
Q

Name the 3 coverings of the spermatic cord

A
  1. External spermatic fascia
  2. cremasteric fascia
  3. internal spermatic fascia
92
Q

Muscle that draws testis up in cold or relaxes during hot temps

A

Cremasteric muscle

93
Q

Cermasteric muscle nerve innervation

A

genital branch of genitofermoral N

–> A part of the Lumbar plexus (L1, L2)

94
Q

3 arteries in the spermatic cord

A
  1. testicular aa.
  2. deferential aa
  3. cremasteric aa.
95
Q

_______ plexus makes up the testicular plexus of veins

A

pampiniform plexus

96
Q

Genital branch of the ____________ N. innervates the cremaster M.

A

genitalfemoral N.

branch of Lumbar plexus L1, L2

97
Q

What layer of the superficial fascia desend down into the spermatic cord?

A

Scarpus

campers does not desend - there is no fat in the scrotum

98
Q

What is the layer of the superficial fascia that does not desend with the spermatic cord?

A

Campers- there is no fat in the scrotum

99
Q

The scarpus fascia is a derivative of the _____ fascia in the spermatic cord

A

Colle’s fascia

100
Q

_______ muscle is responsible for the wrinkling of the scrotum

A

Dartos Muscle

101
Q

The external obliq M. gives of the ______ in the spermatic cord

A

External spermatic fascia

102
Q

__________ covers the spermatic cord itself

A

external spermatic fascia

103
Q

The internal obliq muscle gives off the _______ in the spermatic cord

A

cremasteric fascia and muscle

104
Q

________ muscle is responsible for pulling the testis close to the body (for optimal spermatogenesis)

A

Cremasteric Muscle

105
Q

______ reflex brings the testis closer to the body

A

cremasteric reflex (L1)

106
Q

Transversalis fascia gives off the _____ in the spermatic cord

A

internal spermatic fascia

107
Q

Where does the only fat in the spermatic cord come from ?

A

extraperitoneal fat

108
Q

The parietal peritoneum gives off the ______ in the spermatic cord

A

tunica vaginalis

109
Q

Direct inguinal hernias are common in ____ males. caused by?

A

elderly

Cause: weakening of the abdominal muscle

110
Q

indirect inguinal hernias are common in _____ males

A

Younger males / male children

Causes: an opening (patency) of the processus vaginalis

111
Q

Indirect hernias will be ______ to the inferior epigastric vessels

A

Lateral

younger males

112
Q

Direct hernias will be ______ to the inferior epigastric vessels

A

Medial

older males

113
Q

An indirect hernia enters into the _______

A

spermatic cord & inguinal canal

it is a opening in the processus vaginalis

114
Q

A direct hernia protrudes through the _____

A

hesselbach’s triangle

115
Q

Give the three boundaries of the hesselbach triangle

A
  1. Medial: Rectus Abdominus
  2. Inferior: inguinal lig
  3. lateral: Inferior Epigastric vessel
116
Q

What is the medial border of the hesselbach triangle

A

rectus abd.

117
Q

What is the inferior border of the hesselbach triangle

A

inguinal lig

118
Q

What is the laterial border of the hesselbach triangle

A

inferior epigastric vessels

inferior epig. vessel is lateral –> therefore the protrusion will be medial to this vessel in direct hernias

119
Q

What nerves can be injured when a McBurney’s incision is done?

A

SN T11 & T12 (ant. subcutaneous branches)

Decrease sensation

120
Q

When an incision is made in the bikini line for a ceasarian section what vascular structure can be damaged?

A

Inferior epigastric vessels

121
Q

What is the sensory component of the cremasteric reflex?

A

Ilioinguinal N. from L1

122
Q

What is the motor component of the cremasteric reflex?

A

genital branch of genitalfemoral N

123
Q

below umbilicus all aponeurosis ___ to the rectus abdominis

A

anterior

124
Q

No ____ rectus sheath below the arcuate line

A

posterior

125
Q

if abdominal muscles are strong, they overlap the Hasselback’s triangle _____ and if the muscles are weak the triangle is ____

A

protecting

exposed

126
Q

femoral hernia

A

most common in women

127
Q

incisional hernia

A

when incisions do not properly heal

128
Q

________ pt is at the intersection of the R. Midclavicular Line and R. Subcostal Margin

A

McMurphy’s Pt

= GB disease

T1- brit GA1. Midterm 2- Unit 2 (7 decks)

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