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GA Flashcards

1
Q

Which structure is found posterior to the medial malleolus?

A.Great saphenous vein
B.Dorsalis pedis artery
C.Tibial nerve
D.Small saphenous vein

A

A.Great saphenous vein (anterior to medial malleolus)

B.Dorsalis pedis artery (between tendons ext. hallucis and ______)

C.Tibial nerve

D.Small saphenous vein (posterior to lateral malleolus)

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2
Q

In the prone position, the inferior angle
of the scapula is located at which level?

A.Body of T2
B.SP of T3
C.Body of T4
D.SP of T6

A

A.Body of T2

B.SP of T3 (root of the spine of the scapula)

C.Body of T4

D.SP of T6

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3
Q

What structure can be felt lateral to the
tendon of the flexor carpi radialis?

A.Median nerve
B.Radial artery
C.Cephalic vein
D.Ulnar artery

A

A.Median nerve

B.Radial artery

C.Cephalic vein (lies in delto-pectoral groove)

D.Ulnar artery

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4
Q

Which of the following bone cells causes bone resorption?

A.Osteoblasts
B.Osteoclasts
C.Osteocytes
D.Osteoprogenitor cells

A

A.Osteoblasts

B.Osteoclasts(parathyroid is the stimulus; can cause renal disease and lead to hypocalcemia)

C.Osteocytes

D.Osteoprogenitor cells

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5
Q

Which bone first starts to undergo ossification process?

A.Mandible
B.Sternum
C.Clavicle
D.Femur

A

C.Clavicle (it is also the only true connection between the appendicular and axial skeleton. and is classified as a flat bone)

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6
Q

The AC joint is classified as which type of joint?

A.Plane
B.Saddle
C.Pivot
D.Condyloid

A

A.Plane

B.Saddle (1st MCP = thumb)

C.Pivot (C1/C2; proximal radioulnar)

D. Condyloid (MCP’s)

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7
Q

The interosseous membrane between
radius and ulna is which type of joint?

A.Syndesmosis
B.Gomphosis
C.Synchondrosis
D.Symphysis

A

A.Syndesmosis

B.Gomphosis (gums/ teeth)

C.Synchondrosis (2 bones connected by hyaline cartilage)

D.Symphysis (2 bones connected by fibrocartilage)

  • synarthrosis- sutures of skull
  • ampiarthrosis- pubic symphysis
  • diarthrosis- synovial joint
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8
Q

Which of the following thumb muscles
is supplied by the ulnar nerve?

A.Flexor pollicis longus
B.Opponens pollicis
C. Extensor pollicis brevis
D.Adductor pollicis

A

A.Flexor pollicis longus (median)

B.Opponens pollicis (median)

C. Extensor pollicis brevis (Radial nerve)

D.Adductor pollicis

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9
Q

Which of the following is a branch of
the subclavian artery?

A.Vertebral artery
B.Superior thoracic artery
C.Thoracoacromial artery
D.Lateral thoracic artery

A

A.Vertebral artery

what are the three parts of the subclavian?

  1. vertebral; internal thoracic; thyrocervical trunk
  2. costocervical trunk
  3. usually none but could hold dorsal scapular a.
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10
Q

Which of the following is the first
branch of the aortic arch?

A.Left coronary artery
B.Brachiocephalic artery
C.Left common carotid artery
D.Left subclavian artery

A

A.Left coronary artery

B.Brachiocephalic artery 1st

C.Left common carotid artery (2nd)

D.Left subclavian artery (3rd)

*plane of the sternal angle divides ascending and descending aorta at T4/T5

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11
Q

Inferior border of the heart=

base of the heart=

what makes up the cardiac silhouette?

the apex of the heart is located at?

A

right ventricle/ apex

left atrium

right atrium, SVC, IVC

5th intercostal space and the midclavicular line

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12
Q

The anterior and posterior tibial
arteries are branches of which artery?

A.Popliteal artery
B.Deep femoral artery
C.Fibular artery
D.External iliac artery

A

A.Popliteal artery

B.Deep femoral artery (Branch of femoral a.)

C.Fibular artery (branch of posterior tibial a.)

D.External iliac artery (branch of common illiac)

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13
Q

Which of the following pharyngeal muscles is supplied by C.N. IX?

A.Palatopharyngeus
B.Stylopharyngeus
C.Salpingopharyngeus
D.Superior constrictor

A

A.Palatopharyngeus (vagus)

B.Stylopharyngeus

C.Salpingopharyngeus (vagus)

D.Superior constrictor (vagus)

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14
Q

Which of the following is NOT a characteristic feature of the large intestines?

A.Taenia coli
B.Epiploical appendages
C.Haustrations
D.Spiral valve

A

A.Taenia coli (longitudinal muscles till rectum )

B.Epiploical appendages

C.Haustrations

D.Spiral valve (found in the cystic duct, keeps it open all the time)

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15
Q

The horizontal fissure parallels which
rib?

A.Right fourth rib
B.Right sixth rib
C.Left fourth rib
D.Left sixth rib

A

A.Right fourth rib

B.Right sixth rib (oblique fissure)

C.Left fourth rib

D.Left sixth rib

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16
Q

Which of the following laryngeal
muscles abduct the vocal folds?

A.Thyroarytenoid
B.Transverse arytenoid
C.Lateralcri coarytenoid
D.Posterior cricoarytenoid

A

A.Thyroarytenoid (relaxation/ loosening)

B.Transverse arytenoid (Adducts)

C.Lateralcri coarytenoid (Adducts)

D.Posterior cricoarytenoid

** all intrinsic muscles = recurrent laryngeal

** cricothyroid = external laryngeal

17
Q

During full inspiration, the inferior border of the lungs will fit into the ______________:

A.Costodiaphragmatic recess
B.Paravertebral gutter
C.Costomediastinal recess
D. Anterior mediastinum

A

A.Costodiaphragmatic recess

B.Paravertebral gutter (posterior)

C.Costomediastinal recess (anterior)

D. Anterior mediastinum

18
Q

The trigone is located on the internal
surface of which part of the bladder?

A.Superior surface
B.Apex
C.Inferolateral surface
D.Base

A

A.Superior surface

B.Apex (the urachis is located here)

C.Inferolateral surface

D.Base (in males what structure lies here? - seminal vessicle and it is responsible for 60% of seminal fluid)

** trigone is the smooth part on the inside of the bladder, it doesnt fold; the ureters enter here

19
Q

Regarding nerve supply to the urinary bladder, which statement is correct?

A.Sympathetic stimulation is excitatory to the
detrusor muscle.
B.Its parasympathetic supply is through the
vagus nerve.
C.Parasympathetic stimulation is inhibitory to
the sphincter vesicae muscle.
D.Its sympathetic supply is through the pelvic splanchnic nerves

A

A.Sympathetic stimulation is excitatory to the
detrusor muscle.

B.Its parasympathetic supply is through the
vagus nerve.

C.Parasympathetic stimulation is inhibitory to the sphincter vesicae muscle. (P/S = pelvic splanchnic)

D.Its sympathetic supply is through the pelvic splanchnic nerves

20
Q

The dartos fascia of the scrotum is
derived from the ______________ of
the anterior abdominal wall:

A.Superficial fascia
B.Deep fascia
C.Transversalis fascia
D. Parietal peritoneum

A

A.Superficial fascia

B.Deep fascia

C.Transversalis fascia

D. Parietal peritoneum (tunica vaginalis of testes)

**Fascia:
external- external abdominal oblique
cremasteric- Internal abdominal oblique
internal- transversalis fascia

**cremasteric reflex= Illioinguinal nerve (L1) –> LMN–> genitofemoral nerve

21
Q

The space located between the labia
minora is called the:

A.Fornix
B.Labial commissure
C.Vestibule
D. Hymen

A

A.Fornix (cervix and vaginal canal meet)

B.Labial commissure (where 2 labia meet)

C.Vestibule

D. Hymen

22
Q

Which of the following zones secretes
mineralocorticoids?

A.Zona glomerulosa
B.Zona fasciculata
C.Zona reticularis
D.Zona medullaris

A

A.Zona glomerulosa

B.Zona fasciculata (gluccocorticoids like cortisol)

C.Zona reticularis (Androgens)

D.Zona medullaris (epinephrine)

  • mineralcorticoids= aldosterone
23
Q

The interstitial cells of Leydig secrete which hormone?

A.Estrogen
B.Testosterone
CProlactin
D.Somatotropin

A

A.Estrogen

B.Testosterone

CProlactin

D.Somatotropin

*cells of leydig are in the testes; what stimulates them? LH (gonadotropin)

24
Q

Releasing hormones that regulate the
anterior lobe of the pituitary gland
are synthesized in what brain region?

A.Hypothalamus
B.Cerebral cortex
C.Thalamus
D.Basal ganglia

A

A.Hypothalamus

B.Cerebral cortex

C.Thalamus

D.Basal ganglia

  • Infundibulum = pituitary stalk and it goes through the diaphragmata sella
25
Q

The superior suprarenal artery is a branch of which artery?

A.Superior phrenic
B.Inferior phrenic
C.Abdominal aorta
D.Renal artery

A

A.Superior phrenic

B.Inferior phrenic

C.Abdominal aorta (middle suprarenal)

D.Renal artery (inferior Suprarenal)

26
Q

The thyroid gland is located at which
vertebral levels?

A. C1-C2-C3
B.C3-C4-C5
C.C5-C6-C7
D.C7-T1-T2

A

A. C1-C2-C3
B.C3-C4-C5
C.C5-C6-C7
D.C7-T1-T2

  • the thyroid is not normally palpabale due to the SCM thats why you ask patient to swallow when palpating
  • goiter/ thyromegaly = enlargment of the thyroid gland
27
Q

Which type of pancreatic islet cell
secretes insulin ?

A.Alpha cell
B.Beta cell
C.C cell
D.Delta cell

A

A.Alpha cell (Glucagon)
B.Beta cell
C.C cell (nothing)
D.Delta cell (somatostatin)

RIBS (4 decks)

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