G451 Flashcards

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0
Q

What is inter-rater reliability?

A

How researchers interpretation things, this is highly reliable if all researchers overview the data or one researcher

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1
Q

What is reliability?

A

Keeping things the same, consistency e.g. All participants were woken by a doorbell

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2
Q

What is a re-test?

A

A second test, where if participants respond in the same way as the other test, shows reliability

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3
Q

What is correlation coefficient?

A

A measure of strength of correlation between 0-1, 1 meaning a strong correlation and therefore better reliability

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4
Q

What indicates to reliability on a graph?

A

The scatter of points, the closer to a straight line, the more reliable

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5
Q

Strengths and weaknesses of the reliability in self reports (questionnaires and interviews)

A

+ in structured interviews or questionnaires the same questions are asked
+ inconsistent structured interviews and questionnaires can be assessed for inconsistent answers and they can be removed
- open question can cause low inter-rater reliability as they can be interprets red differently
- people can interpret rating scales differently
- un/semistructured interviews can ask people different questions

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6
Q

Strengths and weaknesses of validity in self report

A

+ in questionnaire responses might be more truthful, especially if there responses are more personal or socially sensitive (less social desirability)
+ in semi/unstructured interviews more unexpected information can be obtained forming more insightful and accurate conclusions
- in questionnaires there may be response bias for example always ticking the same box
- an interviewer may cause the participant to lie due to social desirability bias or demand characteristics

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7
Q

What are the four types of question, their strengths/weaknesses and give an example of each?

A

Closed:
Are you happy - yes/no
Fast, easy, quantitative, lacks insight, lacks complexity
Open:
What makes you happy?
Long/hard to answer, insightful, can be complex, qualitative
Rating scale:
How happy are you on a scale of 1-10
(10 being happiest, 1 being suicidal)
Fast, easy, quantitative, lacks insight, lacks complexity
Likert scale:
How happy are you?
Very/happy/neutral/sad/suicidal
Fast, easy, quantitative, lacks insight, can be used for opinions

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8
Q

What are the three types of interview and their strengths/weaknesses

A

Structured:
High reliability, can be retested, lacks insight, higher inter-reliability, faster
Unstructured/semistructured:
Insightful, lower inter-reliability, harder to retest, longer

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9
Q

What is validity?

A

Validity is how accurate a design is, for example how close an answer is to the truth

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10
Q

What is internal validity?

A

Refers to the test used. Whether the IVs are effecting the DV or sources of error, formed from face validity and concurrent validity

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11
Q

What is face validity?

A

Whether a measure appears to test what it claims - contributing towards inter reliability

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12
Q

What is concurrent validity?

A

Whether a test will produce similar results for an individual compared to another test which assesses the same phenomenon - part of internal validity

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13
Q

What is external validity?

A

Validity outside the experiment, due to extraneous variables and ecological validity

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14
Q

What is ecological validity?

A

How close something is to a real life situation

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15
Q

What is structured observation?

A

Type of observation which involves categories, types of behaviour to look out for, for example a behavioural checklist in structured. This means the behaviour must be observable not inferred. Smiling not being happy.

16
Q

What are the two types of participant observation and what are their strengths/weaknesses?

A

Participant - observer will be part of the social setting
+ being involved can produce real insight into participants behaviours
- it is hard to record data accurately when engaged with a group
- being involved in a social group can make a participant bias/subjective

Non-participant - observer will not be part of the social setting
+ it is easier to observe and record accurate findings making it more valid
- you don’t gain the insight of being close to participants witnessing subtle behaviour lacking validity