G3 Flashcards
refers to the process of
planning, designing, and building
infrastructure or facilities such as buildings,
roads, and bridges.
Construction
are the strategies,
techniques, and procedures used to execute
a project efficiently.
Methods
encompass the management of
resources, labor, tools, and time to ensure
that construction processes are completed
safely, within budget, and on schedule.
Operations
refers to the study and
practice of processes, techniques, and management strategies
used in the construction industry to complete a building or
infrastructure project efficiently and effectively
Construction Methods and Operations
involves
feasibility studies,
design,
permitting, and
resource planning to ensure
smooth project implementation
pre-construction phase
Can the project be built given the available
resources and site conditions?
Technical Feasibility
Evaluates cost estimates, funding sources,
and return on investment (ROI)
Financial Feasibility
Ensures compliance with
zoning laws, building codes, and environmental regulations
Legal & Environmental Feasibility
Determines terrain features, slopes, and
drainage patterns
Topographical Survey
Assesses soil stability, groundwater
levels, and foundation requirements
Geotechnical Investigation
Identifies ecological
risks and mitigation strategies
Environmental Impact Assessment (EIA)
The project’s blueprint is developed during this stage,
defining specifications, materials, and construction
methods
Design & Planning
Floor plans, elevations, and
aesthetic considerations
Architectural Design
Engineering calculations for load
bearing structures, materials, and reinforcements.
Structural Design
HVAC, elevators, fire
suppression systems
Mechanical Systems
Power distribution, lighting, IT
infrastructure
Electrical Systems
Water supply, drainage, and
sewage
Plumbing Systems
Itemized breakdown of
expenses
Material & Labor Costs
Reserves for unexpected
costs (usually 5-10% of the budget
Contingency Funds
Breaks the
project into tasks and milestones
Work Breakdown Structure (WBS)
Tools like Gantt Charts,
Critical Path Method (CPM), and Primavera P6
help manage timelines
Construction Scheduling
CONFIRMS
COMPLIANCE WITH LOCAL LAND-USE
PLANS.
ZONING & LAND USE PERMITS
REQUIRED
FOR PROJECTS AFFECTING NATURAL
RESOURCES
ENVIRONMENTAL PERMITS
ENSURES
STRUCTURAL SAFETY AND ADHERENCE TO
BUILDING CODES
CONSTRUCTION PERMITS
Contractors submit bids based
on project requirements
Tendering Process
– Contractor is paid a total
fixed amount
Lump Sum (Fixed Price)
Contractor is reimbursed for actual
costs + a fee.
Cost-Plus
A single entity handles both design
and construction.
Design-Build
Worker accommodations,
storage yards, and offices
Temporary Facilities
Routes for
material delivery and heavy equipment movement.
Access Roads & Traffic Management
Identifies site-specific
risks like unstable soil or flood-prone areas.
Hazard Identification
Includes PPE requirements,
emergency exits, and training
Safety Protocols
This phase involves carrying out the physical
construction according to the approved
plans, schedules, and budgets
CONSTRUCTION
PHASE
REMOVING
VEGETATION, DEBRIS, AND LEVELING THE
SITE
CLEARING AND GRADING
Using explosives or
mechanical devices
like bulldozers to
destroy existing
structures
Demolishing
Carefully removing
materials that can be
reused, such as
electrical switchboards
and plumbing fixtures
Salvaging
Bringing down timber
using saws or
explosives
Cutting
Controlled burning to
clear vegetation
Burning
involves relocating soil and rock to prepare
the site for building
Earth moving
Digging to create space for
foundations, basements, or trenches
Excavation
Transferring excavated materials
into dump trucks for transport
Loading
Dumping and spreading materials
in designated fil areas
Placing
Densifying soil to provide a
stable base for construction
Compacting
Removing excess or unsuitable
materials from the site.
Disposing
Removing mud, debris, and
unwanted materials from the excavation.
Cleaning and Washing
Digging trenches for utilities
and refilling with compacted soil.
Excavation & Backfilling
Shaping the excavation to reduce the risk of
landslides and erosion.
Sloping
Using techniques like freezing
or chemical stabilization to improve soil strength
Soil Treatment
Laying
footings and pouring concrete for
shallow or deep foundations
Foundation Construction
Erecting
columns, beams, and load
bearing structures
Structural Framework
Installing steel reinforcements and
molds for concrete pouring.
Reinforcement & Formwork
The earth
on which the foundation
rests
Bearing Surface
Walls
and piers that support the
structure.
Upright Supports
The part that
supports the concrete slab
or walls
Footing
enclose the building, providing structural
support and protection from external elements.
Walls
Made from bricks, concrete blocks, or stones.
Durable and fire-resistant.
Requires mortar to bond materials together.
Masonry wall
Factory-made concrete panels transported to the
site.
Faster installation than traditional masonry.
Provides uniform quality and reduces labor costs.
Precast Panels
Non-load-bearing walls made of glass, metal, or
composite materials.
Commonly used in high-rise buildings.
Improves aesthetics and allows natural lighting
while providing insulation
Curtain walls
Supports the roof structure.
Can be made from wood, steel, or reinforced
concrete.
Trusses and Framing
Provides excellent insulation and aesthetic
appeal.
Heavier than metal sheets, requiring a strong
roof framework
Clay or Concrete Tiles
Used in flat-roofed commercial and
residential buildings.
Can serve as an additional load-bearing
platform for rooftop gardens or solar panels
Concrete Roofing
are essential for a building’s functionality, ensuring power distribution,
water supply, climate control, and safety measures
MEP (Mechanical, Electrical,
and Plumbing) Installation
These systems regulate temperature,
ventilation, and fire protection in the
building
HVAC &
FIRE SAFETY
Channels
air efficiently throughout the building
Ductwork & Air Distribution
Regulate airflow and temperature.
Air Handling Units (AHU) & Fans
Key in cooling
mechanisms for air-conditioning units.
refrigerant system
Automatic fire
suppression using water or chemical
agents
Sprinkler Systems
Detect
smoke and alert occupants in case of fire
Smoke Detectors & Alarms
Readily
available for emergency response.
Fire Extinguishers & Hydrants
A structured, linear
approach where each phase must be
completed before moving to the next.
Waterfall
Methodology
A flexible, iterative
approach that promotes
adaptability and rapid
delivery
Agile
A subset of Agile,
using short sprints (typically 2-4
weeks) and daily meetings.
Scrum Methodology
A standardized
approach with defined
knowledge areas, life cycles,
and best practices
Project
Management Body of
Knowledge (PMBOK
Identifies the longest sequence of
dependent tasks to determine project duration
Critical Path
Method (CPM
Prioritizes resource
allocation
and buffers to
manage uncertainties
Critical Chain
Project Management
Uses visual boards to manage workflow and
limit work-in-progress.
. Kanban
Methodology
A highly iterative
Agile framework focusing on
frequent releases and customer
feedback.
Extreme
Programming (XP)
Focuses on
eliminating waste and
maximizing value.
Lean Methodology
A data-driven methodology aimed
at reducing defects and improving quality.
Six Sigma
A process-based approach emphasizing
organization and governance
PRINCE2 (Projects IN Controlled
Environments)
Encourages collaboration
by integrating key stakeholders from
the start
Integrated Project Delivery
(IPD)
A flexible, iterative
methodology that allows for
continuous adjustments.
Adaptive Project
Framework (APF)
Designed for highly
complex and uncertain projects
requiring rapid adaptation
Extreme Project
Management (XPM)
A graphical representation
of project activities and dependencies.
Precedence Diagramming
Method (PDM)
the process of casting concrete in a mold off
site, then transporting and installing it on-site.
Precast concrete is used for many building
elements, including walls, floors, beams, and
columns.
Precast Construction
method of
building that involves prefabricating
sections of a building off-site and then
assembling them on-site.
Modular Construction
the practice of
designing, building, and operating structures
in a way that minimizes environmental impact.
Sustainable Construction
measures how well resources are utilized while
maintaining quality and meeting budgets.
Efficiency
about doing what matters. By
integrating prioritization, goal alignment, and adaptive
strategies, individuals and organizations improve work
efficiency, turning time into a strategic asset.
Time Management
about strategically aligning
labor, materials, technology, and finances. Also to
minimize material waste and ensuring timely availability
Resource optimization
monitoring, managing, and
optimizing expenses to align with budgets while ensuring
quality and timelines
Cost Control
maximizing the output and quality of work
of laborers hourly by optimizing skills, tools, and
workflows
Workforce Productivity
Using tools and technologies like BIM, drones, IoT, and AI
to streamline planning, monitoring, and execution.
Technology Utilization
ensures processes and materials meet predefined
standards, reducing rework, delays, costs and prevents
defects with regular checks
Quality Assurance
Ensuring a hazard-free work environment, preventing
accidents, injuries, and downtime
Safety
mart
devices, and real-time data
analytics to improve
construction site
management
IoT (INTERNET OF
THINKING)
