G1B Living World: Svalbard/Cold Environment Flashcards
Explain the Trans Alaskan Pipeline and how 3 issues were fixed
An 800 mile long pipe system that transports oil across Alaska.
1 Issue is mountains and rivers so it passes through rivers and beneath mountains
2 Issue is melting permafrost so the pipe is rasied so that hot oil can be continously pumped
3 Cracks by earthquakes can cause multiple leaks so the flow stops automatically when it leaks and the pipe can slide
What are the 4 ways the risk to cold enviroments be reduced
1) Use of technology-Trans alaskan pipe
2) Action by goverments- Protecting the rights of indigenous people and animals
3) International agreements- Agreements over which parts of the Antartic are owned by different countries
4) Conservation Groups- WFF works with local communities to protect the animals
Describe Svalbard and its 4 developments
Svalbard is a Norwegian territory located between Norway and the North Pole. Glaciers cover 60% of the land.
The 4 sectors are:
Mineral Extraction
Energy
Fishing
Tourism
Explain Mineral Extraction
Provides over 300 jobs
Coal mining which supplies the coal fuled power plant
In 2014 activity halted due to low demand of coal so only 1 mine active
Explain Energy Development
Looking for geothermal energy development
Though now just uses coal fuelled energy
Explain Fishing
Seas are filled with fish.
Major economic activity
Provide lots of jobs
Explain Tourism
Extrem tourism has grown in recent years
As there are more polar bears than people they are visited
70 k people visited in 2011
300 jobs in this job
3 challenges to development in Svalbard and explain each
Extreme Temperature- growing food is impossible and hard to build on permafrost ground.
Accesibility- Many areas are inaccesible. Only 50km of road in Svalbard and limits transports of good within the area.
Infrastructure-Hard to build and when permafrost thaws the ground becoems soft and building sinks into ground. This means that infrastructure must be built on wooden poles
