G16 assesment

Question 1

What DNA bases go together?

Answer 1

A and T

G and C

Question 2

Where is DNA in eukaryotic cells?

Answer 2

Animal and plants
DNA wrapped around proteins- long chains
straight, linear, not in a coil
proteins called histomes
mitochondria has its own DNA, passed down for the mother 
Chloroplasts ( not in the nucleus) 
46 chromosomes in a human

Question 3

Where is DNA is prokaryotic cells?

Answer 3

Bacteria usually
chromosome loose, not in the nucleus
Loop of DNA
extra loops (plasmids) have extra sets of genes
DNA is shorter and super coils up
associated with protein molecules
DNA molecules smaller

Question 4

What is a gene?

Answer 4

section of DNA, is a sequence of DNA bases that codes for either a polypeptide or functional RNA

Question 5

What forms the primary structure of a polypeptide?

Answer 5

the sequence of amino acids

Question 6

How to make a polypeptide? (1st stage of protein synthesis)

Answer 6

DNA is copied into mRNA.

Question 7

What is functional RNA?

Answer 7

RNA molecules, other than mRNA which perform special tasks during protein synthesis, eg. tRNA and ribosomal RNA (rRNA) which forms parts of ribosomes

Question 8

What is a genome?

Answer 8

the complete set of genes in a cell

Question 9

What is the proteome?

Answer 9

the full range of proteins that the cell is able to produce

Question 10

What are introns?

Answer 10

Genes that code for polypeptides contain sections that don’t code for amino acids, these sections of DNA are INTRONS

Question 11

When are introns removed?

Answer 11

In protein synthesis

Question 12

Do prokaryotic DNA have introns?

Answer 12

No

Question 13

What are exons?

Answer 13

All the bits of a gene which do code for amino acids

Question 14

What are alleles?

Answer 14

the different forms a gene can exist in, the order of bases in each allele is slightly different, so they code for slightly different versions of the same polypeptide

Question 15

Pairs of matching chromosomes are called?

Answer 15

Homologous pairs, both chromosomes are the same size and have the same gene, but could have different alleles.

Question 16

What is protein synthesis?

Answer 16

the production of proteins (polypeptides)

Question 17

tRNA?

Answer 17

carries amino acids that are used to make proteins to the ribosomes, during translation, clover shape

Question 18

triplet?

Answer 18

series of 3 bases which codes for one amino acids in a protein

Question 19

polypeptide?

Answer 19

a molecule formed from more than two amino acids

Question 20

RNA?

Answer 20

single polynucleotide strand and it contains uracil (U) as a base instead of thymine (T)

Question 21

what is transcription? (explain)

Answer 21

The first stage of protein synthesis,

1. RNA polymerase attaches to the DNA double helix of a gene, hydrogen bonds between the 2 DNA strands break, DNA uncoils, 1 of the strands is used as a template to make an mRNA copy.
2. complementary mRNA is formed
3. RNA polymerase moves down the DNA strand.

Question 22

mRNA (messenger RNA)

Answer 22

made during transcription, carries the genetic code from the DNA to the ribosomes, where its used to make a protein during translation

Question 23

RNA polymerase?

Answer 23

joins nucleotides together

Question 24

nucleotide?

Answer 24

the monomer that makes up polynucelotides consists of pentose sugar, a phosphate group and nitrogenous base