everything Flashcards
what bonds are proteins held together by?
peptide bonds
what is osmosis?
diffusion of water molecules across a partially permeable membrane, from a region of higher concentration of water molecules to a region of lower concentration of water molecules.
what is diffusion?
particles spread from an area of high concentration to an area of low concentration, particles will diffuse through the cell membrane as long as they are small enough to pass through the very small gaps between the phospholipid.
what is facilitated diffusion?
glucose to big to diffuse across membrane. Must be helped across by CARRIER PROTEINS, the molecule fits onto the outside of the carrier protein which makes the protein change shape, allowing the glucose molecule to diffuse through it into the cytoplasm.
what is ATP?
energy released from respiration ends up in molecules of ATP, which is used in cells to provide energy.
what is active transport?
when cell needs to move a substance from an area of low to high concentration, it must provide energy. The substance fits into specific carrier protein, then molecules of ATP provide the energy to change the shape of the protein.
Lungs?
large surface area for the efficient diffusion of oxygen and carbon dioxide, has alveoli in them, when blood arrives in the alveoli has a higher carbon dioxide concentration produced in respiration , but the air in the alveoli is a lower concentration meaning there is a concentration gradient so diffusion can happen. Thin so short distance to travel.
What is a triglyceride?
a group of lipids, has one molecule of glycerol and three fatty acids attached to it,
whats a fatty acid molecule made of?
long chain of carbon atoms with an acid group (-COOH)
what is a phospholipid?
like triglycerides, but only have two fatty acid chains attached to the glycerol molecule and a phostphate group.
