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G-M Flashcards

1
Q

Oral Glucose INDICATION

A

Altered LOC caused by hypoglycemia

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2
Q

Oral Glucose HOW IT WORKS

A

Provides glucose into bloodstream for cellular metabolism

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3
Q

Oral Glucose CONTRA

A

-no gag reflex
-unable to protect airway

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4
Q

Oral Glucose DOSE

A

25-50g (full tube)

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5
Q

Oral Glucose SIDE EFFECTS

A

Aspiration

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6
Q

Glucagon INDICATION

A

-hypoglycemia (IN/IM)
-beta blocker OD
-Calcium Channel blocker toxicity

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7
Q

Glucagon HOW IT WORKS

A

-Converts stored glycogen in liver to glucose

-improves cardiac contractility including heart rate

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8
Q

Glucagon CONTRA

A

Hypersensitivity to proteins

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9
Q

Glucagon DOSE

A

Low sugar : 1mg IM/IN

CCB or Beta blocker OD: 1mg IV/IO up to 3mg

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10
Q

Glucagon SIDE EFFECTS

A

-nausea and vomiting
-tachycardia

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11
Q

Haldol INDICATION
(Haloperidol)

A

Patient sedation during transport:

*acute psychotic episodes
*severe anxiety and tension
*acute alcohol withdrawal symptoms (DTs)

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12
Q

Haldol HOW IT WORKS
(Haloperidol)

A
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13
Q

Haldol CONTRAINDICATIONS

A

Preexisting coma

Intoxication

Known cardiovascular disease

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14
Q

Haldol. DOSE

A

ADULT:
18+ 5-10 mg IM not to exceed 100 mg in 24 hrs

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15
Q

Haldol. SIDE EFFECTS

A

Extrapyramidal effects AKA dystonic reaction:
*Antidote: diphenhydramine Benadryl 25-50mg IVP
*Tardive dyskinesia
*potentially fatal neuroleptic malignant syndrome (NMS)- SYMPTOM : fever

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16
Q

Heparin INDICATION

A

Prevention of thrombus formation in acute MI

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17
Q

Heparin. HOW IT WORKS

A

Acts at multiple sites in coagulation process

Binds to antithrombin III catalyzing inactivation of thrombin thereby limiting conversion of prothrombin to thrombin and impairing fibrin formation and therefore clot formation

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18
Q

Heparin. CONTRA

A

Active bleeding or bleeding tendencies

Recent major surgery/trauma

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19
Q

Heparin. DOSE

A

IV/IV infusion
ADULT: 5,000 units IV follow with 20k-40k units IV over 24 hrs

PEDI: 100-150 units/kg IV follow with 28 units/kg/hour IV Infusion

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20
Q

Heparin. SIDE EFFECTS

A

Potentially life threatening bleeding

May cause hematologic disorder

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21
Q

Hydroxocobalamin. INDICATION

(Cyanokit)

A

Cyanide Toxicity

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22
Q

Hydroxocobalamin. HOW IT WORKS

A

Vitamin B12 molecule complexed to cobalt: cyanide displaces the cobalt on the molecule, resulting in cyanocobalamin, which is then removed from the body by renal excretion

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23
Q

Hydroxocobalamin CONTRA

A

Absolute : none

Relative: history of anaphylactic reaction to Hydroxocobalamin or cyanocobalamin

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24
Q

Hydroxocobalamin. DOSE

A

5 grams (2 vials) over 15 min

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25
Q

Hydroxocobalamin. SIDE EFFECTS

A

Flushing
Urticaria
Itching/rash
Chest tightness and day-sneak
Transient blood pressure elevation
Anaphylaxis
Red skin , tears, sweat and urine

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26
Q

Ketamine. INDICATION

(Ketalar)

A

-anesthesia prior to RSI
-chemical sedation for psych/behavioral issues

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27
Q

Ketamine. HOW IT WORKS

A

Affects catecholaminergic transmission

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28
Q

Ketamine. CONTRA

A

Hypersensitivity

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29
Q

Ketamine. DOSE

A

RSI: 1mg/kg IV may repeat every 5-10 min

Sedation: 1mg/kg IV or 4mg/kg IM

30
Q

Ketamine. SIDE EFFECTS

A

-hypertension
-tachycardia
-sedation
-vomiting
-involuntary muscle movement

31
Q

Labetolol. INDICATION

(Trandate or Normodyne)

A

Acute hypertensive crisis with END ORGAN DYSFUNCTION
-unstable angina
-non q wave MI
-abdominal aortic aneurysm (AAA)
-SVT w/ Rapid ventricular response (RVR)
-VTACH refractory to lidocaine

32
Q

Labetolol. HOW IT WORKS

A

Competitively blocks beta adrenergic receptors in heart and blood vessels
-lowers heart rate, cardiac output, and blood pressure
-induces vasodilation
-reduces peripheral vascular resistance
-reduces the rate and force of cardiac contraction

Inhibits the actions of catecholamines

Decreases A-V conduction

33
Q

Labetolol. CONTRAINDICATIONS

A

Cocaine or amphetamine OD

CHF

Hypertension

Antidote: Glucagon
Positive inotropic action on heart and decreases renal vascular resistance

34
Q

Labetolol. DOSE

A

ADULT:
Hypertensive Crisis: 5-10mg IV, may repeat to total of 20 mg IVP. Add 4 mL Labetolol to 6mL NS. Administer 2.5-5mL of mix/may repeat

GOAL:
Diastolic BP: 115-130 mmHg
Resolve of End Organ Dysfunction S/S

35
Q

Labetolol SIDE EFFECTS

A

-Bronchospasm
-Hypotension
AVOID!!!!
Hallucinations-Hypnatremia-Hyperkalemia

36
Q

Lasix INDICATION

(Furosemide)

A

Acute Pulmonary Edema

37
Q

Lasix—HOW IT WORKS

A

diuretic

Osmotic gradient

38
Q

Lasix. CONTRAINDICATIONS

A

-hypersensitivity

-Hypovolemia/dehydration

39
Q

Lasix. DOSE

A

1mg/kg over 2 min

If already on Lasix give twice their daily dose

40
Q

Lasix— SIDE EFFECTS

A

Hypotension

Dry mouth

Electrolyte imbalance

If given too fast, can give hearing loss

41
Q

Levophed (Norepinephrine bitartrate)———— INDICATION

A

-neurogenic/cardiogenic/septic shock

-BP<70

-hemodynamically significant hypotension

42
Q

Levophed——- HOW It wORKS

A

-vasoconstrictor

-andrenergic agonist

43
Q

Levophed—-CONTRAINDICATIONS

A

Hypovolemia

44
Q

Levophed— DOSE

A

8-12mcg/min

45
Q

Levophed—SIDE EFFECTS

A

-hypertension

-dysrhythmias

-angina

-reflex brady

-tissue necrosis

46
Q

Lidocaine——INDICATION

A

Cardiac arrest from VT/VF

Maintenance infusion @ROSC associated with VT/VF

47
Q

Lidocaine——HOW IT WORKS

A

Diastolic depolarization

Suppresses PVC’s

Increase VF threshold

48
Q

Lidocaine—-CONTRAINDICATIONS

A

2nd/3rd degree heart block

Strokes-Adams syndrome

Prophylactic use in AMI

49
Q

Lidocaine—DOSE

A

Cardiac Arrrest: 1-1.5mg/kg every 5-10min to max 3mg/kg

ROSC: 1-4mg/min

50
Q

Lidocaine——SIDE EFFECTS

A

-light headed -seizures

-confusion

-blurred vision

-hypotension

-bradycardia

-altered LOC

51
Q

Magnesium Sulfate—-INDICATION

A

Eclampsia seizure

Ventricular dysrhythmias

Torsades

Digitoxin toxicity

Asthma

52
Q

Mag. Sulfate——-HOW IT WORKS

A

CNS depressant

Physiologic calcium channel blocker

53
Q

Mag. Sulfate—CONTRAINDICATIONS

A

Heart block

Myocardial damage

54
Q

Mag. Sulfate—DOSE

A

Eclampsia,Torsades,Asthma: 1-2g over 10 min

Cardiac Arrest: 1-2g IV Push

55
Q

Mag. Sulfate—-SIDE EFFECTS

A

Diaphoresis. Nausea/vomiting

Hypothermia

Respiratory depression

Facial flush

Bradycardia

Hypotension

56
Q

Methylprednisolone(Solu Medrol)——-INDICATION

A

Wheezing refractory to inhaled bronchodilators

Status asthmaicus

Severe anaphylaxis, in conjunction with epinephrine and diphenhydramine

57
Q

Methylprednisolone(SoluMedrol)—HOW IT WORKS

A

Potent anti inflammatory steroid

58
Q

Solu Medrol———CONTRAINDICATIONS

A

Known hypersensitivity to the product and its constituents

59
Q

Solu Medrol——DOSE

A

60-125mg IV/IO if no contraindications

IM in asthma

Anaphylaxis BP is too low for IM

PEDI: 2 mg/kg

60
Q

Solu Medrol—-SIDE EFFECTS

A

Hypertension

Anaphylactic reactions (RARE)

Exacerbation of CHF

Seizure

61
Q

Midazolam (versed)——INDICATIONS

A

-active seizure

-status elipticus

-sedation prior to cardio version/ pacing

62
Q

Midazolam (versed)—HOW IT WORKS

A

CNS depressant (amnesia, sedation, relaxation)

63
Q

Midazolam (versed)—CONTRAINDICATIONS

A

-hypersensitivity

-acute narrow angle glaucoma

64
Q

Midazolam(versed)—-DOSE

A

2.5-5mg may repeat once (IV or IN)

65
Q

Midazolam (versed)—side effects

A

Respiratory depression

Confusion

Hypotension

Nausea

66
Q

Morphine—INDICATIONS

A

Pain/anxiety

Chest pain unrelieved by NITRO

67
Q

Morphine—-HOW IT WORKS

A

Alleviates pain

Decreased anxiety

Vasodilator

68
Q

Morphine——contraindications

A

BP<90

TBI

Respiratory depression

69
Q

Morphine—DOSE

A

2-4mg q 3-5 mins to hypotension or respiratory depression

70
Q

Morphine——SIDE EFFECTS

A

Respiratory depression

Dizziness

Nausea/vomiting

Hypotension

Bradycardia

Drugs (3 decks)

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