G. I Elimination

Question 1

Elimination

Answer 1

Excretion of waste products from kidneys and intestines.

Question 2

Defecation

Answer 2

Process of elimination of waste

Question 3

Feces?

Answer 3

Semisolid mass of fiber undigested food, inorganic matter

Question 4

Urinary Elimination Defination

Answer 4

Incontinence- inability to control urine or feces
Void - to urinate
Micturate - to urinate
Dysuria - painful or difficult urination
Nocturia - frequent night urination
Polyuria - large amount of urine

Question 5

Urinary elimination Definition
Urinary frequency

Answer 5

Voiding at frequent intervals

Question 6

Urinary urgency

Answer 6

The need to void at once

Question 7

Hesitancy

Answer 7

Difficulty initiating urination

Question 8

Dribbling

Answer 8

Leakage of urine despite voluntary control of urination

Question 9

Retention

Answer 9

Accumulation of urine in the bladder without the ability to completely empty.

Question 10

Residual

Answer 10

Urine remaining post void >100mL

Question 11

Bowel elimination process

Answer 11

Fecal material reaching rectum
Stretch receptors initiate contraction of sigmoid colon /rectal muscle
Internal anal sphincter relaxes
Sensory impulses cause voluntary
External sphincter relaxes
*valsava maneuver

Question 12

Factors affecting bowel elimination

Answer 12

*Developmental stage (B.E patterns change thoughout the life span)
*Personal factors (fast faced jobs cause to ignore people the need to defecate)
*Sociocultural factors ( stress, diarrhea or constipation, stress primary risk in development of irritable bowel syndrome)

Question 13

Factors affecting bowel elimination

Answer 13

*Nutrition/hydration ( regular intake of food promotes peristalsis, high fiber, fluid intake)
*Activity ( can stimulates peristalsis, sedentary have weaker abdominal muscles)
*Medications (oral meds have potential affect to G.I tract)

Question 14

Factors affecting bowel elimination continuation

Answer 14

*Surgery and procedures
( bowel manipulation can lead to a paralytic ileus) (NG tube on low intermittent suction)
*Pregnancy ( morning sickness, slowing of intestinal motility, risk of hemorrhoids)

Question 15

Factors affecting bowel elimination continued

Answer 15

*Pathological Conditions ( Neurological disorders that affect innervation of lower GI tract)
(Cognitive condition that limit ability to sense the urge)
(Pain or immobility that leads to sluggish peristalsis)

Question 16

Planning outcomes /evaluation

Answer 16

The general overall goal is for the patient to have soft, formed, regular BM. And free of nausea, vimiting boating

Question 17

Promoting Regular Defecation

Answer 17

Privacy
Correct position
Timing
Fluid intake
Proper diet
Exercise

Question 18

Bowel Incontinence Devices

Answer 18

Flexi seal Rectal tube ( inserted into the rectum, connected to collection bag, use with severe incontinence)

Question 19

Fluid Balance

Answer 19

●kidney maintain fluid balance in the body
●kidney maintaining the volume and composition of extracellular and to a lesser extent.
● fluid balabce is partially controlled by hormones

Question 20

Two hormones involved in fluid balance
(1)

Answer 20

■Antidiuretic hormone (ADH) - if ADH high cause more water to be absorbed crusating a high concentration but small volume of urine.
- if ADH is LOW it causes more water to be excreted creating a larger volume of urine.

Question 21

Two hormones involved in fluid balance
(2)

Answer 21

■Aldosterone - produced by the adrenal gland.
•regulates water reabsorbtion and changes urine concentration by increasing sodium reabsorption.
•helps control secretion of potassium

Question 22

Normal Urinary Patterns

Answer 22

■the kidney produce approximately 50-60ml per hour or 1500ml per day.
■normal voiding is typically 5 to 6 times per day, depends on fluid intake.

Question 23

Characteristics of Normal Urine

Answer 23

● if urine solutes increase specific gravity INCREASES
●Normal specifi gravity in urine is 1.002 to 1.003
●fluid intake increase urine becomes diluted and lighter in color.
● fluid intake decrease urine becomes darker. Gravity rise

Question 24

Characteristics of Normal Urine

Answer 24

Color
■DARK YELLOW - dehydration
■Red/pink - blood
■Brown - liver/rhubarb/gallbladder
■Orange - medication intake or carrots
■milky white - infection in WBC
■ Blue - methyline blue
■Green - drugs meds
■ Purple - colonized bacteria in catheter

Question 25

Bladder Incontinence Devices
Condom Catheter

Answer 25

Applied to the tip of the pennis and attached to a collection bag ( low infection but potential to skin tear)

Question 26

Bladder Incontinence Devices
Purewick

Answer 26

Lays between the labia and attached to a suction device

Question 27

Bladder Incontinence Devices
Foley Catheter

Answer 27

Inserted into the bladder and attached to a collection bag

Question 28

Promoting Normal Urination

Answer 28

Provide privacy
Assist with positioning
Facilitate toileting routines
Promote adequate fluids and nutrition
Assist with hygiene as needed

Question 29

Chatateristics of Urine

Answer 29

Color
Clarity
Odor

Question 30

Urine Testing

Answer 30

Specimen collection
■collection devices
■sterile collection process
■collection from folley collection. bags

Question 31

Record all fluid Intake
Intake fluids include

Answer 31

Semi liquid foods
Ice chips
Fluids
IV Fluids
Tube feeding
Irritations instilled and not immediately removed.

Question 32

Record all fluid Output
Output fluid include

Answer 32

Fluid loss via emesis
Urine output
Diarrhea
Drainage from suction or wounds