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Applied Science (Unit 2) Joint > (G) Fuels > Flashcards

(G) Fuels Flashcards

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1
Q

What types of fuels are there?

A
  • Alcohols
  • Foods
  • Hydrocarbons
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2
Q

What alcohols are fuels?

A
  • Methanol
  • Ethanol
  • Propanol
  • Butanol
  • Pentanol
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3
Q

What foods are fuels?

A
  • Carbohydrates
  • Lipids
  • Protein
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4
Q

What are hydrocarbons?

A

A substance made of only hydrogen and carbon

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5
Q

What hydrocarbons are fuels?

A
  • petrol
  • paraffin
  • wax
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6
Q

What is combustion?

A

Combustion is when a substance reacts rapidly with oxygen and releases heat and energy

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7
Q

What kind of reaction is the combustion of fuels?

A

Exothermic - releases energy

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8
Q

What is the equation of the combustion of fuels?

A

fuel + oxygen → carbon dioxide + water (+ heat energy)

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9
Q

Factors that affect what fuel to select

A
  • How easy it is to ignite
  • How easy it is to store
  • How easy it is to transport
  • How much/type of pollution it produce
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10
Q

What are hazards?

A

A source of harm such as a chemical

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11
Q

What are risks?

A

A probability that a accident occurs

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12
Q

Types of hazards

A
  • Flammable
  • Risk of Explosion
  • Toxic
  • Pollution
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13
Q

What is flammability?

A

Chemicals/Fuels that can catch fire easily

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14
Q

What is toxicity?

A

Chemicals/Fuels that are toxic or chemicals (like most fuels) contain impurities

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15
Q

What polluting occurs from sulphur impurities?

A

Products from combustion can create impurities

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16
Q

What are joules?

A

The unit of measurement for energy

17
Q

What is the symbol of joules?

A

J

18
Q

What are kilojoules?

A

The unit of measurement for energy but is 1000 times larger, for example;
1kJ = 1000J

19
Q

What are calories and it’s symbol?

A

The unit of measurement for energy in food and the symbol is cal

20
Q

What is specific heat capacity?

A

Specific heat capacity is the amount of energy it takes to increases the temperature of a substance

21
Q

What is the specific heat capacity of water?

A

It takes 4.2J/kg°C

22
Q

What is the unit of specific heat capacity?

A

J/kg°C

23
Q

What is the word equation of heat energy?

A

heat energy = mass of water × specific heat capacity of water × temperature rise
of water

24
Q

What is the symbol equation of heat energy?

A

q = m x c x ΔT
q= heat energy
m = mass
c = specific heat capacity of water
ΔT = temperature rise of water

25
Q

What is the equation for moles?

A

Mass= Moles x RFM

26
Q

How to calculate heat energy released from a fuel in kJ mol-1.?

A

heat of combustion (kJ mol -1) =
( heat energy supplied to water (kJ) x relative molecular mass of fuel )
/
mass of fuel burnt (g)

*note convert heat energy supplied to water to kJ

Applied Science (Unit 2) Joint (9 decks)

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