(D) Enzymes in Action Flashcards
What are enzymes?
A protein molecule that acts as a catalyst in a biochemical reaction
What are proteins made of?
Amino acids
What are amino acids?
Molecules that can combine to make proteins
What is the structure of an amino acid?
A central (Alpha) carbon atom with 4 chemical groups attached
What chemical groups are attached to the central(alpha) carbon in a amino acid?
- A hydrogen atom
- An amino group
- A carboxyl group
- A variable R group (side chain)
How many R groups and amino acids are there?
There are 20(multiple) different R groups so there are 20(multiple) different amino acids
What are the main types of amino acid?
- Polar/Hydrophilic
- Non-polar/Hydrophobic
- Acidic/Negatively charged R group
- Basic/Positively charged R group
Peptide bond
Bonds that link amino acids together
What is a condensation reaction?
A reaction that occurs between two amino acids and produces water as well as a peptide bond
What is a dipeptide?
When two amino acids are linked together by a peptide bond
What is a tripeptide?
When three amino acids are linked together by a peptide bond
What is a polypeptide?
When several amino acids are linked together by a peptide bond and a polypeptide with more than 50 amino acid is a protein
What is a protein structure and the types of protein structure?
A protein structure is the structure of a protein and there are 4 types;
* Primary
* Secondary
* Tertiary
* Quaternary
What is a primary protein structure?
A polypeptide chain/amino acid sequence
What is a secondary protein structure?
When a polypeptide chain forms a shape (secondary structure) usually a α-helix or a beta plated sheet