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GIS Applications Geog 329 > Futures of GIS > Flashcards

Futures of GIS Flashcards

1
Q

What is Mapbox?

A
  • Open Source GIS

- Online mapping platform for developers (code)

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2
Q

What is CartoDB?

A
  • Open Source GIS
  • Use small datasets for free, pay for larger or more data points
  • Provides tutorials
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3
Q

What is ArcGIS Pro?

A
  • Hybrid of Desktop and Online
  • Takes from online and puts into desktop
  • Proprietary, needs account and payment
  • Multiple layout tabs to show data multiple ways
  • Simple and intuitive GUI with ribbons like MS Office
  • Power of desktop w/ online capabilities
  • Still in early versions
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4
Q

What are the pros and cons of desktop?

A
  • Pros: Power, reliability, Python code ability

- Cons: Financial barriers, PC only

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5
Q

What are the pros and cons of Online?

A
  • Pros: Sharing, democratization, Interactive

- Cons: Access/Accounts, Dependence on the web, less powerful analysis capabilities

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6
Q

Who was the 1st person to publish the term ‘GIS’? When? What was the article called?

A
  • Roger Tomlinson
  • 1968
  • “A geographic information system for regional planning”
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7
Q

Who was Tomlinson?

A
  • Developed GIS through Canada with Canada Land Inventory (CLI)
  • 1st to use term ‘GIS’
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8
Q

Where was the birthplace of GIS?

A

Canada

- Tomlinson and the CLI

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9
Q

Are the thoughts about the futures of GIS guarantees or predictions?

A
  • Neither

- They are visions, and potentials

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10
Q

What did Goodchild regret failing to mention in the 1991 review of GIS?

A
  • The internet and how it could affect GIS
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11
Q

What are the 3 reflections on the future discussed in this class?

A
  • Looking Forward: 5 thoughts by Michael Goodchild, 2011
  • Looking Forward Again: 4 thoughts by Michael Goodchild, 2015
  • Opinion Piece: The future of GIS by Noam Rozenfeld, 2013
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12
Q

What are the 5 thoughts on the future of GIS by Goodchild, 2011?

A
  • The 13% Technology
  • Knowing where everything is at all times
  • An Internet of Things
  • Real-Time GIS
  • Multiple views of the world
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13
Q

Goodchild: The 13% Technology

A
  • 13% of time is spent outside on average
  • so 13% of technology relates to outdoors, most geography is outdoors
  • So how to take GIS inside where most of time is spent (buildings, malls, hospitals, airports, etc.)
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14
Q

Goodchild: Knowing where everything is

A
  • Is it possible to know here everything is at all times?

- Cell phones, RFID, Face Recognition

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15
Q

Goodchild: An Internet of Things?

A
  • Everyone has internet
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16
Q

Goodchild: Real-Time GIS

A
  • Currently GIS uses static data
  • Can we make decisions in the future based on data that is in the now
  • Go from a leisurely process of analyzing static data to a more dynamic process of real-time monitoring
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17
Q

Goodchild: Multiple Views of the World

A
  • Sociological aspect of geography
  • Does another group of stakeholders see scale, boundaries, etc. differently?
  • Ex. Kashmir is part of India in Google India, but is disputed between Pakistan in other versions of Google
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18
Q

What are the 4 thoughts on the future of GIS by Goodchild, 2015?

A
  • Personal Databases
  • Big - and Bigger - Data (the 3 v’s)
  • Space and Place
  • What is it all about anyways?
19
Q

Goodchild: Personal Databases

A
  • How do we track ourselves
  • Data about ourselves
  • Economic value of your data
  • Privacy and Control, we give it up without really knowing
20
Q

Goodchild: The 3 V’s

A
  • Volume, Variety, Velocity

- Not much about smaller data

21
Q

Goodchild: Space and Place

A
  • GIS approaches the world differently than humans
  • Humans think places, GIS uses coordinates
  • Regarding world views
22
Q

Goodchild: What is it all about anyways?

A
  • How do we describe GIS
  • GI Science, GI Systems, GI Studies, GI Services, Geomatics, Geospatial
  • G as Global
23
Q

Future of GIS by Rozenfeld, 2013

A
  • Augmented reality (Google Glass type tech)
  • Indoor Mapping (Where are we indoors?)
  • Crowdsourcing (data scrubbing from website and social media)
  • User Interface (new ribbon like MS)
  • Visualization
  • CAD to GIS Integration (make more compatible)
  • 3D GIS
  • GIS as a profession
24
Q

Open Data

A

_ Idea that certain data should be freely available to everyone to use and republish as they wish without restrictions

25
Q

What is the Justification/Goals for Open Data? (From Surry’s open data catalogue)

A
  • Empowers citizens
  • Helps small businesses
  • Enable socio-economic development (Health Care, Education, Economic Productivity, Scientific development)
  • Create value in some other + unforeseen way
26
Q

What are Canada’s 10 principles for Open Data

A
  • Completeness
  • Primacy
  • Timeliness
  • Ease of Physical and Electronic Access
  • Machine Readability
  • Non-discrimination
  • Use of Commonly Owned Standards
  • Licensing
  • Permanence
  • Usage Costs
27
Q

What/Who did Canada base the 10 Open Data Principles on?

A

The Sunlight Foundation

28
Q

Canada’s 10 Open Data Principles: Completeness

A
  • Data should be as complete as possible
  • Reflect entirety of what was recorded
  • All raw information released to public unless there are privacy issues
  • Metadata
29
Q

Canada’s 10 Open Data Principles: Primacy

A
  • Datasets from a primary source
  • Original information collected by gov’t and details on how the data was collected
  • Allows public to verify data collection accuracy
30
Q

Canada’s 10 Open Data Principles: Timeliness

A
  • Datasets should be available in a timely fashion

- Released as quickly as it is gathered

31
Q

Canada’s 10 Open Data Principles: Ease of Physical and Electronic Access

A
  • Ease with which information can be obtained

- Provide Application Programming Interface to make data more readily accessible

32
Q

Canada’s 10 Open Data Principles: Ease of Physical and Electronic Access - Barriers

A
  • Barriers include accessibility only through forms or systems that require browser-oriented technologies (flash, cookies, applets)
33
Q

Canada’s 10 Open Data Principles: Machine Readability

A
  • Store data in widely-used file formats (CSV, XML)

- Documentation to accompany files that relate to format and how to use it

34
Q

Canada’s 10 Open Data Principles: Non-Discrimination

What are possible barriers?

A
  • Datasets should have few barriers to use
  • Enable persons to access data at any time w/o having to identify who they are or provide justification
  • Barriers include registration or membership requirements
35
Q

Canada’s 10 Open Data Principles: Use of Commonly Owned Standards

A
  • Who owns the format in which data is stored

- Data should be in freely available file formats, not formats owned by a company that require a cost or fee to read

36
Q

Canada’s 10 Open Data Principles: Licensing

A
  • Gov’t releases datasets under the Open Government Licence - Canada
  • Designed to increase openness and minimize restrictions on use of data
37
Q

Canada’s 10 Open Data Principles: Permanence

A
  • Capability of finding information over time

- Information made available online should remain online with appropriate version-tracking and archiving over time

38
Q

Canada’s 10 Open Data Principles: Usage Costs

A
  • Open Government site data should remain free of charge
39
Q

OSGeo

A
  • Created to support the collaborative development of open source geospatial software and promote its widespread use
40
Q

OSGeo Projects

A
  • GRASS GIS
  • gvSIG
  • Marble
  • QGIS
41
Q

Why do GRASS and QGIS come as a combined product now?

A
  • Q is Vector based
  • GRASS is raster based
  • Makes sense to put the 2 types together
42
Q

What is Marble?

A
  • Open source Google Earth-Style GIS

- Difference is that it is Open Source and Google Earth is proprietary even though it is free

43
Q

What are the 4 key aspects of Data Quality?

A
  • Accuracy
  • Precision
  • Uncertainty
  • Error
44
Q

What are 2 barriers to moving GIS indoors?

A
  • Ability to reliably use GPS indoors
  • Data space (petabytes), finances, and labour force required to create, store, and update the billions of buildings necessary

GIS Applications Geog 329 (7 decks)

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