Fungi - Systemic Mycoses Flashcards

1
Q

Histoplasma capsulatum

lab tests

A

The Historians Cave

Macrophages w/ intracellular oval bodies.

Histoplasma is MUCH SMALLER than RBC.

Diagnosis through KOH, rapid serum**, or **urine antigen test.

Dimorphic (mold in cold, yeast in beast).

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2
Q

Histoplasma capsulatum

source

A

The Historians Cave

Bird or Bat droppings

Caves or Chicken coops

Mississippi (His on the Mis!) and Ohio river valleys (Midwestern US)

Transmitted through respiratory

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3
Q

Histoplasma capsulatum

signs and symptoms

A

The Historians Cave

  • Pneumonia
  • Granulomas (can look like TB) w/ calcified nodes and nodules in the hilar region.
  • Erythema nodosum (painful red nodules, usually found on shin)
  • Hepatosplenomegaly (In the immunocomprised) because the fungus targets the reticuloendothelial system that has a lot of macrophages (which are prevalent in the liver and spleen!)
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4
Q

Histoplasma capsulatum

treatment

A

The Historians Cave

For local and mild infections: Azole drugs

For systemic infections: AMP B

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5
Q

Coccidioides immitis

lab tests

A

Presidio San Joaquin

Non-budding Spherules packed w/ endospores (not yeast!) in the lungs.

Coccidioides are LARGER than RBC.

Diagnosis through KOH.

IgM** against Cocci** indicates recent infection.

Dimorphic (mold in cold, spherule of endospore in the body! NOT yeast !)

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6
Q

Coccidioides immitis

source

A

Presidio San Joaquin

Dust

Very common after earth quakes.

CA and SW US

Transmitted through inhalation

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7
Q

Coccidioides immitis

signs and symptoms

A

Presidio San Joaquin

  • Asymptomatic in most
  • May see pneumonia, knee pain, and fever
  • Radiology may be unremarkable, or may show cavaties and / or nodules
  • Erythema nodosum (painful red nodules, usually found on shin)
  • In the immunocomprised it can spread to the bone, or cause meningitis
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8
Q

Coccidioides immitis

treatment

A

Presidio San Joaquin

For local and mild infections: Azole drugs

For systemic infections: AMP B

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9
Q

Blastomycoses dermatidis

lab tests

A

The blast of the cannon

Broad Based Budding

Blastomycoses is typically the same size as RBC’s.

Diagnosis through KOH, or with a urine antigen test.

Dimorphic (mold in cold, yeast in beast).

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10
Q

Blastomycoses dermatidis

source

A

The blast of the cannon

Great lakes and Ohio river valley

Southern and Southeastern US

Transmitted through spores via inhalation

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11
Q

Blastomycoses dermatidis

signs and symptoms

A

The blast of the cannon

  • Patchy alveolar infiltrate on XRAY (“haziness”)
  • Granulomatous lesions in the lungs
  • Systemic infections in the immunocomprised → Osteomyelitis, damages skin and bones.
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12
Q

Blastomycoses dermatidis

treatment

A

The blast of the cannon

For local and mild infections: Itraconazole

For systemic infections: AMP B

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13
Q

Paracoccidioides brasiliensis

lab tests

A

Piratas del Sur (south)

Multiple buds radiating out from a central vacuole

Captains wheel” appearance

Paracoccidioides are a LOT LARGER than RBC’s.

Dimorphic (mold in cold, yeast in beast).

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14
Q

Paracoccidioides brasiliensis

source

A

Piratas del Sur (south)

South America

Transmitted through respiratory droplets

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15
Q

Paracoccidioides brasiliensis

signs and symptoms

A

Piratas del Sur (south)

  • Lymphadenopathy in chains of lymph nodes in cervical region.
  • Progressive to lungs, causing granulomas
  • Mucosal ulcers and cutaneous lesions in the upper mouth and gums → small hemorrhages with ragged borders
  • Starts in upper respiratory and moves down, can also be seen in axiallary or inguinal lymph nodes
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16
Q

Paracoccidioides brasiliensis

treatment

A

Piratas del Sur (south)

For local and mild infections: Itraconazole

For systemic infections: AMP B