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Tony's lectures > Fungi and disease > Flashcards

Fungi and disease Flashcards

1
Q

Fungi are not eukaryotic cells with rigid cell walls. TRUE OR FALSE?

A

FALSE

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2
Q

what is the body of the fungus composed of?

A
  • Branching network of filaments (hyphae)
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3
Q

Few fungi cause disease. TRUE OR FLASE?

A

TRUE

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4
Q

what are the different types of fungus infections that can occur and provide an example for each?

A
  • Superficial mycoses e.g hair and nails
  • Systemic mycoses e.g internal organs
  • Subcutaneous mycoses e.g muscles
  • Allergic mycoses e.g sinuses
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5
Q

What percetange mannoproteins makes the cell membrane and wall of fungi?

A
  • 40%
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6
Q

what percentage of chitin makes up the cell membrane and wall of fungi?

A
  • 2%
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7
Q

what are the most common dg target therapy for fungi treatment?

A
  • Cell wall
  • Cell membrane (ergosterol)
  • DNA/RNA sythensis
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8
Q

what are the 5 classes of antifungal drugs?

A

PEAA 5-F

  • Polyenes
  • Echinocandins
  • Azoles
  • Allylamines
  • 5-Flucytosine
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9
Q

describe how each class of antifungal works?

A
  • Polyenes - Bind to ergosterol to form pores
  • Echinocandins - inhibit 1,3 D-glycan synthase
  • Azoles - Inhibit lanosterol 14-a demethylase
  • Allylamines - inhibits squalene epoxidase
  • 5-Flucytosine - inhibits DNA and RNA synthesis
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10
Q

Give an example drug for Azoles and Polyenes?

A
  • Azole (fluconazole)

- Polyenes (amphotericin B)

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11
Q

Azole antifungals inhibit transformation of candida yeast cells into hyphae. true or false?

A

true

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12
Q

Depletion of ergosterol limits the binding of amphotericin and other polyenes. true or false?

A

true

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13
Q

What is imidazole anitfugal used to treat?

A
  • Systemic infections
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14
Q

what are the comon side effects of imidazole?

A
  • Fatal liver toxicity
  • Inhibits testosterone synthesis
  • Interacts with cyclosporin
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15
Q

Fluconazide is well absorbed orally drug and has fewer unwanted side effects. TRUE OR FALSE?

A

TRUE

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16
Q

Itraconazole is not an orally active drug. true or false?

A

False

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17
Q

Itraconazole undergoes extensive metabolsim. TRUE OR FALSE?

A

TRUE

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18
Q

Why is there a need for alternative formulation of Itraconazole?

A
  • It is highly lipophilic
19
Q

what are the side effects of Itraconazole?

A
  • Liver damage
20
Q

Fluconazole causes alot of resistance. TRUE OR FALSE?

A

TRUE

21
Q

what is the Primary and secondary resistance to fluconazole?

A

primary - C. krusei

Secondary - C. alicans

22
Q

what causes resistance with azoles?

A
  • ALtered lanosterol
  • Increased production of lanosterol
  • production of low affitinity sterols
  • Decreased accumulation of azole in fungal cell
23
Q

Polyene antifugals are natural products from streptomyces. true or false?

A

true

24
Q

Polyene antifugals act upon the cell membrane. true or false?

A

true

25
Q

Polyene antifugals forms transmembrane ion channels. true or false?

A

true

26
Q

polyene is not selective for fungi over host cell. true or false?

A

false

27
Q

Amphoteric B is a poorly absorbed drug when taken orally. true or false?

A

true

28
Q

what is the main route of admin for Amphoteric B?

A
  • I.V with lipids within liposomes
29
Q

Amphoteric B is not highy protein bound?

A

False

30
Q

why are there still traces of amphoteric B in urine after 2 month?

A

It is excreted slowly

31
Q

what are some side effects of amphotericin B?

A
  • Renal toxicity
  • Chills and fevers due to frequent injections
  • anaemia and hypokalemia
  • topical application causes skin rash
32
Q

Liposome encapsulated and lipid complexed preparations causes fewer adverse reactions. TRUE OR FALSE?

A

TRUE

33
Q

5- Flucocytosine is an orally active drug. true or false?

A

true

34
Q

what other antifugal drug is given with 5- Flucocytosine?

A
  • Amphotericin B for treatment of systemic infections
35
Q

5- Flucocytosine is converted to 5-fluorouracil in fungi. true or false?

A

true

36
Q

what are the side effects of 5- Flucocytosine?

A
  • The side effects are rare
37
Q

resistance rises rapidly if 5- Flucocytosine is used alone?

A

true

38
Q

Echinocandins are naturally occuring hexapeptides. treu ro false?

A

true

39
Q

What does Echinocandins drugs treat?

A
  • Systemic infections
40
Q

Echinocandins is orally active? TRUE OR FALSE?

A
  • FALSE
41
Q

Allylamines are used effective for the treatment of superficial mycoses. true or false?

A

true

42
Q

Allylamines are formulated for oral and topical use? true or false?

A

true

43
Q

Onychomycosis risk factors include diabetes. treu or false?

A

true

Tony's lectures (8 decks)

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