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Biology 1020 > Fungi > Flashcards

Fungi Flashcards

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1
Q

What is Fungi?

A

Diverse/widespread group

Breakdown organic matter and recycle vital nutrients

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2
Q

Fungi are:

A

Multicellular heterotrophic eukaryotes

Lack an internal digestive system (absorb nutrients from outside)

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3
Q

What are the 2 problems presented by the mode of digestion of fungi?

A
  1. Cannot access large molecules
    SOLUTION: enzymes to breakdown large molecules(external digestion)
  2. Cannot move to search for food
    SOLUTION: growth of fungal body to find nutrients
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4
Q

Hyphae is?

A

Highly branched filaments

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5
Q

Cell walls of fungi are made of?

A

Chitin (complex carbohydrate)

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6
Q

Hyphae grows at…

A

Tips to all fungal movement

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7
Q

Hyphae form extensive network called?

A

Mycelium

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8
Q

What is crucial in hyphae to transport material into cell across cell wall/membrane

A

Cytoplasmic continuity

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9
Q

Earliest fungi lacked what to separate cells?

Later groups gained what to divide hyphae into filaments of connected cells

A

Coenocytic

Septal

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10
Q

List the 3 different nutrient types of fungi

A
  1. Decomposes (=saprotrophs): feed on dead matter
  2. Parasites: infect living tissues of plants/animals
  3. Mutualists: symbiotic interaction (with plants, animals, cyanobacteria)
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11
Q

Breakdown cellulose and lignin
Perform essential recycling of chemical elements
Do not need us but we need them
WHAT AM I?

A

Decomposers

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12
Q

About 30% of fungi are this
Attack food drops and are toxic
Ex. Corn smut
WHAT AM I?

A

Parasite (or pathogen) Fungi

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13
Q

Mutualistic relationship with other organisms
Have profound ecological effects
Examples:
-fungus-plants (mycorrhizae/endosymbionts)
-fungus-animal (leaf-cutter ants)
-fungus-microbe (lichens-cyanobacteria/algae)
WHAT AM I?

A

Mutualists (or Symbionts)

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14
Q

Lichens

A

Consist mostly of fungal hyphae
Mutualistic relationship with photosynthetic micro organisms (cyanobacteria, algae)
Photosynthetic algae cells form thin layer just under surface of lichen

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15
Q

List 1 of the problems and its solution for the reproduction of fungi

A
  1. Finding mates (genetic diversity)–fungi reproduce by spores that are very prolific
  2. Dispersal–spores can be produced asexually or sexually
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16
Q

Name the 3 steps of sexual reproduction of fungi

A
  1. Plasmogamy: fusion of cytoplasm of 2 haploid cells
  2. Karyogamy: nuclear fusion (forms diploid stage)
  3. Meiosis
17
Q

Nuclei in hyphae of mycelium are usually…

A

Haploid

18
Q

The diploid stage:

A
  • short lived
  • Undergoes meiosis
  • produces haploid spores that form haploid hyphae which then form haploid mycelium
19
Q

Only fungi with motile flagellated spores (zoospores)
Asexual reproduction only
Primarily aquatic
Act as decomposers, parasites or mutualists
WHAT AM I?

A

Chytrids

20
Q

Have aspetate or coenocytic hyphae (no cross walls)
Sexual reproduction (+ and - mating types)
-terminal haploid gametangia fuse forming diploid zygosporangium that undergoes meiosis to produced haploid spores, then released from stalked sporangium for asexual reproduction
WHAT AM I?

A

Zygomycetes (loss of flagellated spores)

21
Q

Includes about half the fungi in soil
Asexual reproduction (walling off sections of hyphae)
Form symbiotic associations with plant roots (mycorrhizae)
Ecological importance
WHAT AM I?

A

Glomeromycetes

22
Q

Dikarya

A

Separate monophyletic group of fungi
Distinguished by presence of septa between cells
Can control number of nuclei per cell
Produce dikaryotic cells through growth

23
Q

Known as sac fungi
Most diverse group
In asexual reproduction, haploid asexual spores (=conidia) are produced in conidiophores
In sexual reproduction produces ascospores (haploid) in ascus in the sexual structure (ascocarp)
WHAT AM I?

A

Ascomycetes

24
Q

Known as club fungi
No asexual reproduction
Sexual reproduction seen through production of club-shaped basidia developing on basidiocarp that carry sexual spores on surface (=basidiospores)
Include mushrooms, puffballs, shelf fungi, mutualists, plant parasites
WHAT AM I?

A

Basidiomycetes

Biology 1020 (9 decks)

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