Fungi

Question 1

What is Hypha?

Answer 1

Main vegetative growth for fungus (after a spore lands and germinates - the cell wall begins to expand into a tube (the hypha)
All branches of Hypha will eventually fuse together to form Mycellium
A collection of Hyphae is commonly known as Mycellium

Question 2

What is Mycellium?

Answer 2

A network of Hyphae
Creates the thallus of the fungus
Continuously grows by receiving nutrients..

Question 3

A spore will extend and produce the Hypha, what are the three sections within?

Answer 3

Apical - the top section where the growth occurs..
Direction is defined by Spitzenkorper (the term for growth)
The cytoplasm is continously moving in this portion
Growing tips eventually create branches

Midsection - Back of the Apical section where the Nuclei, Golgi, ER, Ribos and vessicles are found (hypha tube)
Determines if hypha is aseptate or septate..

Question 4

What is the difference between Septate and Aseptate?

Answer 4

hypha may be either…

Aseptate - also known as cyonocytic
lacks crosswalls – nuclei is free floating within the hypha

Septate - contains crosswalls that split up the nuclei – can have one to many nuclei within one crosswall
grows in ring like structure - in higher forms of fungus,
septa may stop growing to form a pore where cytoplasm can flow freely…

Question 5

What is monokaryotic and dikaryotic?

Answer 5

1 nuclei/cell = monokaryotic
2 nuclei (or more)/ cell = dikaryotic (also hetertrophic)

Question 6

What causes multiple nuclei?

Answer 6

When hypha are breeding (fusing together- asexually) the cytoplasm fuses first before the nuclei; therefore resulting in two or more nuclei (dikaryotic)

Question 7

What are the two types of Heterotrophy found in Fungi?

Answer 7

Mutualism: A symbiotic relationship between two organisms that both benefit from each other. ex: algae and lichens — lichen gets food from environment and absorbs it – algae starts photosynthesis again and delivers more food to lichen

Predation: predators kill prey and eat…

Question 8

How do fungi eat?

Answer 8

Since fungi cannot eat because they have no mouths, they secrete enzymes to break down the insoluble products to make it soluble..

ex) piece of bread
spore lands –> germinates –> secretes amylase to break down the starch –> starch is now soluble and is absorbed into hyphae = nutrition

ex) wood
cellulose is the white, insoluble part of the wood’s cell wall, cellulase breaks down the wood so that lignin, the brown soluble part of the wood’s cell wall is exposed/left over

Question 9

What is glucose used for in hyphae of the mycellium?

Answer 9

Glucose is used for growth for cytoplasm and cell wall

and cellular respiration/