fungi

Question 1

fungi characteristics

7

Answer 1

-absorptive Heterotroph (absorb organic carbon for nutrition)
-Sessile - fixed in 1 place
-Usually multicellular,
-Possess a cell wall made of chitin
-mycelium (feeding network) usually underground
-Decomposers, parasites, or mutualists

Question 2

septa in fungi

Answer 2

hyphae’s internal walls that divide it within the cell

Question 3

septate

Answer 3

cross-walls used to separate nuclei and cytoplasm from cell-to-cell

Question 4

aseptate

Answer 4

lacks cross walls

Question 5

fungi sexual rep

Answer 5

-Grow towards pheromones
-Union of cytoplasm is plasmogamy and nuclei usually do not fuse right away
-Heterokaryon (means different nuclei) means the mycelium is dikaryotic (2 nuclei)
-Karyogamy - two nuclei fuse producing diploid cells

Question 6

fungi asexual rep

Answer 6

Asexual:
-Some reproduce by growing as filamentous fungi that produce spores often called molds
-Some reproduce by growing as single-celled yeasts by cell division or budding

Question 7

ascomycota rep.

Answer 7

produce asci, which produce sexual ascospore

sac fungi

Question 8

basidiomycota

Answer 8

produce basidia, which produces the sexual basidiospores

Question 9

chytridiomycota

5

Answer 9

• first fungi to evolve on earth
• flagellated gametes
• chitin cell walls
• aquatic
• considerable variation in morphology and ecology of chytrids

Question 10

mucoromycota (zygomycota)

Answer 10

• the zygomycete doesn’t form a monophyletic group, hence the two groups were reclassified

ex. bread mold (rhizopus stolonifer)

Question 11

rhizopus stolonifer

Answer 11

• bread mold
  -three types of hyphae

ex of mucoromycota

Question 12

ascomycota

Answer 12

• sac fungi
• rep asexually - spore formation
• rep sexually - ascopore formation ~ 8 formed within the ascus. Many asci may be formed in a fruiting body (ascocarp)
• some members cant rep sexually

Question 13

yeast

3

Answer 13

• is an ascomycota
• unicellular fungus
• rep by budding or binary fission

Question 14

basidiomycota rep.

Answer 14

• sexual spores
• basidiospores in the basidium
• rep asexually too

Question 15

mushrooms

Answer 15

• part of the basidiomycota
• reproductive/fruiting bodies are called basidiocarps
• stipe, cap, annulus, and gills (bear basidia) are under the cap

MEMORIZE STRUCTURE

Question 16

mycorrhizae

Answer 16

symbiosis relationship between fungi and plants

• 90% of plants are associated with fungi
• plants provide carbohydrates while fungi provide water and mineral absorption

Question 17

mycorrhizae examples

2

Answer 17

endomycorrhizal fungi and ectomycorrhizal fungi

Question 18

endomycorrhizal

3

Answer 18

penetrates cell walls of plant roots and infect the cell membrane
grow within plant roots without causing diseases

most common

Question 19

ectomycorrhizal

Answer 19

• form hyphal sheaths over the root tip. surrounds it
• tend to not penetrate the cell membranes
• can belong to basidiomycota, ascomycota, or zygomycota groups

Question 20

lichen

5

Answer 20

• long lifespams (500 to 5,000 years old)
• extremophiles
• cover 6%-8% of Earth’s surface
  -symbiotic rela. btw fungi and alga
• cynobacteria/alga photosynthesize, while fungi provides structure

Question 21

growth forms of lichens

3

Answer 21

crustose
foliose
fruticose

Question 22

crustose

Answer 22

flat
pressed tightly to the surface of rocks or trees

Question 23

foliose

Answer 23

leaf-like lichens
edges tend to be curled away from substrate

trunks or tree branches

Question 24

fruticose

Answer 24

3-dimensional, shrubby growth

ground of woods