cnidaria/half of lophotrochozoa

Question 1

cnidaria phylum

Answer 1

• eumetazoa
• two germ tissue layers (diploblastic)
• mesoglea (between the ectoderm and endoderm)
• gastrovascular cavity – extracellular digestion
• nerve net (lacks central control organ)

Question 2

ctenophora phylum

Answer 2

• eumetazoa
• two germ tissue layers (diploblastic)
• mesoglea (between the ectoderm and endoderm)
• gastrovascular cavity – extracellular digestion
• nerve net (lacks central control organ)

Question 3

clade hydrozoa

Answer 3

• phylum cnidaria
• spend most life as a polyp
• short-lived medusa stage – mainly for sex rep

ex. portuguese man of war

Question 4

Clade Anthozoa

Answer 4

sea anemones and corals
- tend to lack medusa phase

Question 5

clade scyphozoa

Answer 5

• large and dominant medusa stage
• polyp = reduced larval stage

ex. jellyfishes, moon jelly medusas, and Cassiopeia sp. (upside down jellyfish)

Question 6

Ctenophora Phylum

Answer 6

comb jellyfish that lack stinging cells (nematocysts)

have rows of cilia (bolinhas) known as combs or ctens

Question 7

lophotrochozoa

Answer 7

• bilateral symmetry
• triploblastic (three embryonic tissue layers) – where structures and organs develop

Question 8

protostomes

Answer 8

parla = mouth develops first

cleavage - determinate cleavage

Question 9

deuterostomes

Answer 9

blastopore = anus
monophyletic clade

cleavage - indeterminate

Question 10

protostomia clades

Answer 10

ecdysozoa and lophotrochozoa

Question 11

lophotrochozoa posses 2 subcategories

Answer 11

has lophophore - feeding apparatus (with clilated tentacles)

and the trochophores - larval stage

Question 12

platyhelminthes phylum

Answer 12

• bilateral symmetry
• no true body cavity
• cephalization (head region that has sense organs)
• incomplete gastrovascular system (one opening)
• taxis (directed response to a stimulus)

ex. flatworms

Question 13

syndermata phylum

3

Answer 13

• have a ciliated corona – mov. and to move food
• mastax (jaws for chewing + grasping food particles)
• complete digestive system

ex. rotifers

Question 14

brachiopoda phylum

Answer 14

• body cavity
• have lophophore
• resemble clams
• sessile

Question 15

annelida phylum

4

Answer 15

• true segmentation – separation of the body wall by transverse partitions called septa
  — same set of muscles and same repeated structures. important for rep
• simple brain - ganglion and ventral nerve cord
• clitellum - fused segms involved in reproduction

ex. segmented worms / earthworms

Question 16

tapeworm body structures

4

Answer 16

scolex
immature proglottid
mature proglottid
gravid proglottid

Question 17

clitellum

Answer 17

reg. repro.
the part that “pops out” the most when looking at the worm

earthworm

Question 18

setae

Answer 18

bristle-like projections that help with movement / thin wall

earthworm

Question 19

scolex

Answer 19

closest to the head

tapeworm

Question 20

mature proglottids

Answer 20

have male and female sex organs – in the middle

tapeworm

Question 21

gravid proglottids

Answer 21

posterior end of the worm
filled with eggs

tapeworm

Question 22

immature proglottid

Answer 22

closest to the scolex

tapeworms

Question 23

errantia

Answer 23

most members are free-living predators
well-defined head region
have parapodia – defense, swimming, and gas exchange

Question 24

sedentaria

Answer 24

lack parapodia
lack well-developed head

ex. earthworms, tubeworms, and leeches

Question 25

pharynx

Answer 25

suction pump and sucks in food

earthworms

Question 26

crop

Answer 26

temporarily stores food

earthworms

Question 27

gizzard

Answer 27

grinds up food to begin digestion

earthworms

Question 28

digestion in a earthworm

Answer 28

food –> mouth –> pharynx –> esophagus –> crop –> gizzard –> intestines –> anus –> waste

Question 29

cephalization

Answer 29

head region that has sense organs