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2.1 Fundamentals Of Microbiology > Fungi > Flashcards

Fungi Flashcards

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1
Q

Are fungi prokaryotic or eukaryotic?

A

Eukaryotic

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2
Q

What word describes how fungi gain their nutrition?

A

Saprophytic chemoheterotrophs - absorb nutrients from decaying matter - like moisture & sugars

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3
Q

What are the 3 types of fungi?

A

Yeasts (unicellular), moulds (filamentous, multicellular, grow in tubular structure called hyphae & contain multiple nuclei), dimorphic (Yeast & mould depending on environment)

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4
Q

What is the fungal cell wall made out of (outside>inside)?

A

Mannoproteins, beta-glucans (specific to fungi, chitin (polymer of n-acetylglucosamine)

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5
Q

What other organisms contain chitin?

A

Insects

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6
Q

What is found in the fungal cell membrane?

A

Phospholipid bilayer with ergosterol (precursor to cholesterol)

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7
Q

What is the “stalk” of moulds called?

A

Conidiophore

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8
Q

What produce conidia?

A

Phialides - apical budding process

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9
Q

What are the spores of moulds called?

A

Conidia - can form germ tube

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10
Q

What is the largest organism in the world?

A

honey mushroom - Armillaria ostoyae - 9.6km squared - 400,00kg - 5,500-11,000 years old

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11
Q

What fungi is used to make LSD?

A

Psilocybe semilanceata

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12
Q

How are fungi used in food development?

A

Fermentation - soy sauce(lactic acid), beer(ethanol & CO2), wine(ethanol), Bread(CO2)
Cheeses
Mushrooms

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13
Q

How are fungi used in medicine development?

A

Antibiotics, steroids, enzymes, citric acid

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14
Q

What fungus caused the potato blight in 1845?

A

Phytophthora - warm wet summer

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15
Q

Explain phytophthora life cycle?

A

Spores infect tubules, infected seedlings develop to form tubules, sporangium from infected tissue forms spore, spores released to infect plant tissue, spores infect leaves & form lesions > repeat

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16
Q

What is a fungal disease called?

A

Mycoses

17
Q

Examples of European mycoses?

A

Dermatophytosis/Tinea/RIngworm
Sporotrichosis
Candidiasis
Crytptococcus neoformans
Aspergillus fumigatus

18
Q

Examples of North American mycoses?

A

Blastomycosis
Coccidiodomycosis
Cryptococcus gattii
Histoplasmosis

19
Q

What fungus causes dandruff?

A

malassezia sp. (yeast)

20
Q

What causes tinea capitis?

A

Microsporum canis (yeast)

21
Q

Explain dermatophytoses/ Tinea/ Ringworm?

A

Mould like fungus affecting skin, hair, & nails - skin lesions, onychomycosis (under nails), jock itch, crotch rot, athletes foot

22
Q

What are some fungi that cause Tinea?

A

Trichophyton, microsporum, epidermophyton

23
Q

What causes sporotrichosis?

A

Sporothrix schenkii

24
Q

Explain sporotrichosis?

A

Subcutaneous mycosis - dimorphic fungus (sporothrix schenkii - mould in environment) - bark of trees, shrubs, & garden plants - enter through break in skin - spreads via lymph system

25
Q

What cause candidiasis/ thrush?

A

Candida species (Candida albicans)

26
Q

Explain candidiasis?

A

Overgrowth of candida (part of native microbiota) - antibiotic use or IC
1)Oral - thrush - infants & IC - after antibitoics, steroids, chemotherapy, & disease (HIV & lymphoma - white/yellow lines
2)Cutaneous - nappy rash - moist warm areas (axilla, groin) & nails
3)Vaginal Thrush - white-yellow lines - irritation, itch, white discharges

27
Q

Where is Cryptococcus neoformans found?

A

pigeon faeces

28
Q

Explain Cryptococcus neoformans?

A

yeast - dimorphic (outdoor) - unicellular (indoor) - respiratory tract (IC) & meningitis (T-cell deficiency)

29
Q

Explain Aspergillus fumigatus?

A

Spore-forming moulds, ubiquitous, opportunistic - inhale spores - pulmonary diseases (forms fungus balls in scars =aspergilloma) - infects wounds & burns

30
Q

What causes histoplasmosis?

A

Histoplasma capsulatum

31
Q

Explain Histoplasmosis?

A

Inhale microconidia from bird/bat faeces -found in Ohio, Mississippi, St.Lawerence river valleys & Mexico - pulmonary caviating, dissemintion, CNS, eyes

32
Q

What causes Blastomycosis?

A

Blastomyces dermatitidis - broad bunds in Mississippi valley & East Coast

33
Q

What is zombie ant fungus?

A

Ophiocardyceps unilateralis

34
Q

What is slime mould?

A

NOT mould - unicellular multi-nucleated eukaryote - able to learn - Physarum polycephalum

35
Q

What is Cryptococcus gatti?

A

1999 - Vancouver & NW USA - tree associated (C. neoformans found here as well)

36
Q

Explain Coccidiodomycosis?

A

40°N & 40°S California, Arizona, Mexico< Central & South America (dessert conditions - Burning Man festival) - inhale arthroconidia from soil - atypical pneumonia, rash, arthralgia, cavities, meningitis

2.1 Fundamentals Of Microbiology (8 decks)

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