Fungi

Question 1

Outline 4 importances of fungi;

Answer 1

(1) production of antibiotics

(2) modification of steroids

(3) produce foreign gene production

(4). Decomposition of complex plant and animal remains in soil

Question 2

What is the use of parasitic (pathogenic) fungi?

Answer 2

Cause diseases of plants and animals

Question 3

What are 3 categories of mycoses? (Fungal disease)

Answer 3

• superficial mycoses

-subcutaneous mycoses

-systemic mycoses

Question 4

What is superficial mycoses?

Answer 4

The infections are confined to the outer layers of epithelia

Question 5

What is subcutaneous mycoses?

Answer 5

Deeper layers of skin and a different group of organisms

Question 6

What is systemic mycoses?

Answer 6

The infecting fungi penetrate the epithelia into the bloodstream and spread throughout the body

Question 7

What are candidias?

Answer 7

Yeast (fungal) infection ,
Harmless in healthy humans, but when the immune defences are compromised, the organism has the potential to grow and cause severe problems

Question 8

How is the yeast infection candidias treated?

Answer 8

Treated using tropical anti fungal agents

Question 9

How does the yeast infection candidias lead to thrust?

Answer 9

Cells penetrate the epithelia and spread throughout the body in the blood stream to infect a wide variety of organs

Question 10

What are examples of mould (3) ?

Answer 10

• penicillium
• paecilomyces
• aspergillus

Question 11

What are the health implications of mould?

Answer 11

Spores and volatile by-product from a wide range of fungi can act as allergens can be responsible for hay fever and asthma symptoms

Question 12

Outline some characteristics of fungi;

Answer 12

• non-motile
  -filaments in most groups
  -cell wall present
  -eukaryotic cell structure
  -spores produced in reproduction
  -heterotrophic for carbon

Question 13

What is each filament in fungi called?

Answer 13

Hypha

Question 14

What is a network of branches hypha called?

Answer 14

Mycelium

Question 15

What is an example of a circular growth pattern?

Answer 15

Ring worm

Question 16

What are two reasons why fungi produce spores?

Answer 16

For;
- dispursal

-survival

Question 17

What are two major types of spores?

Answer 17

• asexual
• sexual

Question 18

Describe sexual spores?

Answer 18

Have thick walls and resistant to unfavourable environmental conditions

Question 19

Describe asexual spores;

Answer 19

Produced in large numbers for dispersal but normally have low resistance to unfavourable conditions

Question 20

What are actinomycetes?

Answer 20

Members of a large and economically important group of bacteria

Question 21

What are strepomyces species?

Answer 21

Morphologically complex and form mycelium,

The spores which form on the aerial hyphae are called ‘arthrospores’

Question 22

What are sordaria?

Answer 22

Type of sexual spores

Ascospores inside an ascus, enclosed within a fruit body