Antibiotics Flashcards
What is penicillium?
Type of antibiotic
Where does the B-lactam ring originate from?
The general structure of penecillian
What is the B-lactam ring?
-Can be hydrolysed by L-lactamase enzyme
-Main resistance mechanism to B-lactam antibiotics employed my bacteria
What % of streptomyces bacteria are responsible for clinically prescribed antibiotics?
70%
What is the function of bacteriastatic antibiotics?
Prevent bacteria for growing any further, they do not necessarily kill the organism
What is the function of bacteriocidal antibiotics?
Kill the bacterium
Why is gram negative bacteria not as susceptible to antibiotics as gram positive?
Gram negative have an extra outer layer for protection
Outline 3 natural resistance of bacteria?
(1) lack of transporter
(2) lack of target
(3) outer membrane
Outline two acquired resistances for bacteria;
(2) vertical gene transfer
(1) horizontal gene transfer
Describe when transduction occurs within bacteria;
When bacteria-specific VS DNA between two closely related bacteria
Describe when transformation occurs within bacteria;
Process where parts of DNA are taken up from the external environment,
usually present in external environment due to death and lysis of another bacterium
Describe when conjugation occurs within bacteria;
When there is a direct cell-cell contact between bacteria, and transfer of small pieces of DNA called plasmids take place
Main mechanism of HGT (horizontal gene transfer)
