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Clinical Microbiology Exam 2 > Fungi > Flashcards

Fungi Flashcards

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0
Q

How do yeasts multiply?

A

divide by binary fission or budding

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1
Q

What are Yeasts?

A

Single cell eukaryotes

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2
Q

What are molds?

A

Fungi that produce mycelia

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3
Q

Cellular composition of molds?

A

Multicellular

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4
Q

What is a hyphae?

A

A long branching filament that forms the feeding thallus of a fungus called the mycelium

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5
Q

What are the 2 types of hyphae?

A

Septate- walls that divide hyphae into cells

Aseptate-no walls

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6
Q

What are the 4 groups of Fungi?

A

Phycomycetes
Ascomycetes
Basidiomycetes
Deuteromycetes(fungi imperfecta)

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7
Q

What are phycomycetes?

A

1 Sexual spores are free zygotes

2 Asexual spores are enclosed in sac-like structure called sporangium

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8
Q

What about Ascomycetes?

A

1 Sexual spores enclosed in sacs called asci

2 Asexual spores are exogenous, formed at the end of the hyphae

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9
Q

What about Basidiomycetes?

A

Sexual spores found on basidia

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10
Q

What about Deuteromycetes?

A

(Fungi imperfecta) No sexual stage

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11
Q

What is a mycoses?

A

Disease caused by infection from a fungus?

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12
Q

Histoplasmosis is also know as?

A

Spelunker’s disease

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13
Q

What causes histoplasmosis?

A

Histoplasma capsulatum

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14
Q

Where is histoplasmosis found?

A

Found worldwide but concentrated in midwest and eastern US

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15
Q

What is histoplasmosis found in?

A

in soil contaminated with bat and bird feces(frequently in caves)

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16
Q

How do you get infected with histoplasmosis?

A

inhalation of the spores

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17
Q

What is another name for coccidiomycosis?

A

valley fever

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18
Q

What is coccidiomycosis caused by?

A

Coccidioides immitis

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19
Q

Where is coccidiomycosis found?

A

found in southwestern US (NM, AZ)

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20
Q

How do you get coccidiomycosis and what are the infections like?

A

Inhale arthrospore and most infections are asymptomatic, maybe only a slight fever

21
Q

What is blastomycosis caused by?

A

blastomyces dermatitis

22
Q

How do you get blastomycosis?

A

Spores are inhaled into lungs where they are transformed to a yeast form of the microbe

23
Q

What are the symptoms of blastomycosis?

A

50% of individuals are symptomatic, with flu like illness with productive cough

24
Q

How do you treat systemic fungi?

A

Amphotericin B- binds to sterols, and disrupts cell, which causes cell lysis

25
Q

What is the one subcutaneous mycoses we need to know?

A

Sporotrichosis

26
Q

What is sporotrichosis also known as?

A

rose handlers disease

27
Q

what causes sporotrichosis?

A

sporothrix schenckii

28
Q

who is susceptible to sporotrichosis?

A

occupational hazard for green house workers and gardeners

29
Q

How do we become infected by sporotrichosis?

A

it enters through a skin lesion and transforms to a yeast form

30
Q

How does sporotrichosis appear in the body?

A

as nodules and skin lesions that appear along the lymphatic system

31
Q

How does dermatophytoses invade us?

A

through dead keratinized tissue(hair and nails)

32
Q

What are the three major genera of dermatophytoses?

A

trichophyton, microsporum, epidermophyton

33
Q

what is synonymous with dermatophytoses?

A

tinea

34
Q

what is a tinea infection?

A

name given to a skin fungal infection

35
Q

What are the 4 types of tinea infections and where on the body are they?

A

tinea pedis-athletes foot
tinea corporis-trunk or extremities
tinea capitis- heada, causes hair loss
tinea unguium- nails

36
Q

what is the superficial mycoses called?

A

tinea versicolor

37
Q

what causes tinea versicolor?

A

yeast

38
Q

What causes tinea versicolor to proliferate?

A

it is caused by yeast which is part of the normal flora but heat humidity and sweat help it to proliferate

39
Q

Is tinea versicolor contagious?

A

no

40
Q

How to check for tinea versicolor?

A

1 use a KOH wet mount to look for yeast cells(it is a skin test)
2 use a woods lamp the black light will make an infected area fluoresce, normally the skin does not does not fluoresce or shine under UV light

41
Q

What are two types of pathogenic yeast?

A

Candidiasis and cryptococcosis

42
Q

What causes candidiasis?

A

caused by Candida albicans

43
Q

Who gets Candidiasis?

A

it is part of the normal flora in the mouth, gut, and vagina. It becomes a pathogen when normal conditions are altered-antibiotics or depressed immunity

44
Q

What does candidiasis look like?

A

thrush or skin infections

45
Q

What causes cryptococcosis and what does it look like?

A

it is caused by cryptococcus neoformans and is a large encapsulated yeast

46
Q

how do we get cryptococcus?

A

microbe enters the host via the respiratory route

47
Q

What does cryptococcus do once you are infected with it?

A

after some time in the lungs it spreads to extra-pulmonary tissues

48
Q

what does cryptococcosis have a predilection for(like)?

A

the brain so infected persons usually contact meningoecephalitis

49
Q

What is Pneumocystis carinii?

A

maybe a fungus or a protozoan. different antigenic strains have been found in various animal hosts.

50
Q

What does Pneumocystis Carnii do to someone?

A

it is an asymptomatic infectio of the lungs in early life and persists in an inactive or latent stage unless the host becomes immunocompromised

Clinical Microbiology Exam 2 (3 decks)

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