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Biology Term 2 Test > Fungi > Flashcards

Fungi Flashcards

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1
Q

What are the characteristics of a Fungi

A
  • Eukaryotic
  • Non-motile (Does not move)
  • Heterotrophs (Feed off others) (Like animalia)
  • Unicellular/Multicellular: Except one celled yeasts
  • Cell wall (Like plants) : From Chitin
  • Store Energy: Glycogen
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2
Q

The body of a Fungi is composed of…

A

Hyphae (thread-like)

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3
Q

A Group of Hyphae is…

A

Mycellium

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4
Q

Does the structure of a fungi contain One or Multiple nuclei

A

Multiple Nuclei

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5
Q

What are the 2 types of Hyphae

A
  • Coenocytics: Without Septate
  • Acoenocytics: With Septate
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6
Q

How do Fungi’s get their Nutrition

A

They undergo external digestion and secrete digestive enzymes then consuming them

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7
Q

Are Fungi’s Heterotroph or Autotroph

A

Heterotroph, they absorb digested material into cell.
- Predators: Paralyzing Prey
- Parasites: Feeding on living creature
- Decomposers: Breakdown dead remains

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8
Q

What does a fungi use to get their food

A

They use a structure called Hyphae.
(Except for yeast which are unicellular)
(Hyphae: threadlike tubes. Shape of fungi depends on how hyphae is used)

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9
Q

How does the hyphae absorb their food

A

The fungus grows hyphae into food then hyphae secrete digestive chemicals into food. After food is broken down then the hyphae absorbs it

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10
Q

In the general structure of a Fungi what are the 3 things

A
  • Stem-like Hyphae
  • Root-like Hyphae (Rhizoid)
  • Reproductive-like Hyphae
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11
Q

In the ecological role and symbiotic relationship. What is a lichen a combination of

A

fungi + algae

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12
Q

How does the symbiotic relationship in a Lichen work

A

The fungi delivers water and mineral to algae
And the algae will use its photosynthesis to provide sugars for fungi

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13
Q

What is meant by Pioneer Species in lichen

A

If the ecosystem they are in is destroyed because they have the symbiotic relationship they are able to live in extreme condition and become the first and founder of the ecosystem due to its ability to survive under harsh conditions

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14
Q

In the ecological role and symbiotic relationship. What is a Mycorrhizae a combination of

A

Fungi + Plant

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15
Q

How does the symbiotic relationship in a Mycorrhizae work

A

Enables plants to absorb more water

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16
Q

What are plants with fungi called and without fungi called

A

Plant with fungi: Ectomycorrhiza
Plant without fungi: Endomycorrhiza

17
Q

What are the asexual reproduction in fungi

A
  • Budding (Yeast only because unicellular)
  • Fragmentation
  • Asexual Spores
18
Q

What is the sexual reproduction in fungi

A

Spores: Spread by wind

19
Q

How does spores in reproduction work

A

-Produce thousands of spores with a protective covering: carried by water and air
-Spores land in a warm, moist place to grow

-When there are plenty of moisture, fungi reproduce asexually by releasing the spores
-When conditions are not good they reproduce sexually making new spores that are different from both parents

20
Q

Fungi are divided based on its…

A

Sexual Spores

21
Q

What are the types of Fungi

A
  1. Zygomycota
  2. Ascomycota
  3. Basidiomycota
  4. Deuteromycota
22
Q

What are the characteristics of Zygomycota

A
  • Coenocytic Fungi
  • Sexual Spores: Zygospores
  • Asexual Spores: Sporangiospores
  • Mostly in soil and decompose dead matters
  • Some useful, some parasites
23
Q

The structure of a Zygomycota has 5 things which are

A
  • Sporangiospores
  • Sporangium (box of sexual spores)
  • Sporangiophore
  • Rhizoid
  • Generative Hyphae (+/-)
24
Q

What are the examples of Zygomycota and what is its role

A
  • Mucor Mucedo: Saprobes on animal feces
  • Mucor Javanicus: Fermented sticky rice and cassava
  • Rhizopus Oryzae: Tempe, Sake, and Wine
  • Chlomydomucor Oryzae: Tempe
  • Rhizopus Nigricans: Spoiling Bread
25
Q

The sexual reproduction of Zygomycota is

A

The one that look like two balls.
One + ball and the other -
They fuse together and grow resulting into a Zygospore

26
Q

What are the characteristics of Ascomycota

A
  • Largest group of fungi
  • Some useful (antibiotics), some parasites
  • Acoenocytic
  • Fruit bodies: Ascocarp
  • Sexual Spores: Ascospores
  • Asexual Spores: Conidiospores (Inside Conidia)
27
Q

The Structure of Ascomycota has 6 things which are

A
  • Conidia Spores
  • Conidia (Box of Spores)
  • Phialids
  • Conidiophore
  • Rhizoid
    -Generative Hyphae (+/-)
28
Q

Example of Ascomycota and what are its roles

A
  • Penicillium Caudatum: Antibiotic
  • Penicillium Roqueforti: Roquefort cheese
  • Penicillium Camemberti: Blue-cheese

Yeast examples:
- Saccharomyces Cerevesiae: Make bread rise and ferment beer and wine
- Candida Albicans: Produces the common yeast infections

29
Q

The sexual reproduction of Ascomycota is

A

The two rectangles with a circle coming out of them which contain Antheridium. One is + and the other -. They will combine together and form into something that looks like a rocket. And at the end it forms a Ascospores

30
Q

What are the characteristics of Basidiomycota

A
  • Mushroom
  • Macroscopics
  • Multicellular
  • Acoenocytics
  • Fruit bodies: Basidiocarp
  • Sexual Spores: Basidiospores
  • Asexual Spores: Conidiospores (Inside Conidia)
31
Q

Important facts of Basidiomycota

A
  • Few are poisonous
  • High in protein, calcium, phosphorus, iron
  • Nutrient Recycling
  • Pharmaceuticals
32
Q

Examples of Basidiomycota and its roles are

A

Mushroom and Shelf Fungi

Food:
- Wood Ear (Auricularia Polytrichia)
- Straw Mushroom (Volvariella Volvare)

Medicines:
- Shitake (Lentinus Edodes)
- Wood Ear (Auricularia Polytrichia)

33
Q

The structure of Basidiomycota contains 7 things which are

A
  • Scale
  • Cap
  • Gills
  • Ring of Annulus
  • Stem or Stipe
  • Volva
  • Mycelial Threads
34
Q

The sexual reproduction of Basidiomycota

A

There will be two rectangles with many lines between them. And a rectangle thing sticks out with a dot which are for example R and B. They will combine both of the rectangles and after a while they will look like a rocket with more edges while still having many lines between them. And they will have dots everywhere that contain a variation of R and B and basically they become a mushroom. In the mushrooms gills there are Basidiospores which can start the whole thing

35
Q

What is a Deuteromycota

A
  • They are the imperfect fungi
  • Fungi for which no sexual stage has been observed
  • Grouped together into an artificial Phylum: May be reclassified if they ever produce a fruiting body
36
Q

How do Deteromycota Reproduce

A

They all reproduce by conidiospores on the end of Hyphae

Biology Term 2 Test (5 decks)

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