Fungi Flashcards

1
Q

Beta-D-Glucan notably misses:

A

cryptococcus

the zygomycetes (mucor, etc)

blastomyces

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2
Q

What are notable misses of amphotericin?

A

Aspergillus Terreus

Candida lusitanae (fluc/mica)

Candida auris (mica)

Scedosporium (vori)

+/-fusarium

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3
Q

What does vori miss?

A

MUCOR (needs ampho/cresemba/posa)

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4
Q

What does posa miss?

A

Nothing?

but break through can include:

  • fusarium
  • scedosporium (need vori or cresemba)
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5
Q
A

these are rhizoids

aseptate hyphae

mucor lacks these - so this is likely either rhizopus or rhizomucor (of the most common)

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6
Q
A

Aspergillus has 45⁰ angles (really only identifiable on path) and dandelion-head conidiophores VORI

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7
Q
A

Fusarium has oval shaped microconidia and canoe-shaped macroconidia AMPHO+VORI

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8
Q
A

Fusarium has oval shaped microconidia and canoe-shaped macroconidia AMPHO+VORI

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9
Q
A

Scedosporium has single conidia on long conidiophores VORICONAZOLE

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10
Q
A

Histoplasma looks like coronaviruses AMPHO/Itraconzazole

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11
Q
A

Blastomyces looks like Christmas lights

AMPHO/VORI

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12
Q
A

Sporothrix looks like grape clusters ITRA/AMPHO

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13
Q
A

Cryptococcus

AMPHO+FLUC

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14
Q
A

candida

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15
Q
A

barrel-shaped arthroconidia - coccioides

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16
Q
A

rosette shaped conidia

SPOROTHRIX

(also cigar-shaped yeast)

17
Q
A

lollipop conidia and broad based budding yeast (blasto)

18
Q
A

intracellular yeast - histoplasmosis

19
Q

What is the differential for this lesion?

A

Crypto

Histo

Molluscum

Talaromyces (penicillium)

(Smallpox?)

20
Q

64M from puerto rico p/w fevers, weight loss, dyspnea. Began two months ago and progressed. Now hypotensive, febrile and satting 88%.

SPlenomegally, hyponatremic, Pancytopenic, HIV+

PJP/TB on BAL negative

Dx?

Rx?

A

Disseminated Histoplasmosis

Can cause AI from infected adrenals

Start Amphotericin and Steroids(for AI)

21
Q

mechanism of voriconazole

A

inhibits lanosterol 14-a demthylase, disrupting ergosterol synthesis

22
Q

mechanism of amphotericin

A

binding ergosterol and altering membrane permeability

23
Q

mechanism of echinocandins

A

inhibit 13BDG syntehsis

24
Q

oval shaped yeast with a visible central septum

umbilicated lesions in HIV patient

A

(SE asia)

Talaromyces

*Histo/crypto clinically also could present with same syndrome, but would not have septum on microscopy

ampho/itra

25
82F on TPN presents with fevers/chills. Line looks fine, cultures negative.
Add olive oil to look for Malassezia! lipophilic yeast that causes tinea versicolor but can cause CLABSI in TPN patients.
26
40M immunocomptetent man from michigan presents with fulminant pneumonia not responsive to standard therapy. Histo Ag positive. Verrucous Skin lesions. Histo or Blasto?
Blasto - skin lesions more common in US, and blasto more commonly afflicts immunocompetent patients.
27
narrow based budding yeast histo
28
Fungemia in cancer patient. Yeast is oval and budding, but crypto Ag is +
Trichosporon pleomorphic budding yeast favors candida or trichosporon (crypto has no budding or psydohyae and is round) Trichosporon can cause false crypto+ Ag
29
patient on TPN develops fevers/hypotension. no improvement with ABX and routine blood Cx negative. Dx? Rx?
Malssezia enrich culture media with olive oil Rx with ampho or azole (intrinsically resistant to echinocandins)
30
Histo
31
Cocci endospore spherule
32
Fontana Masson
Cryptococcus stain+
33
What is the most common invasive fungal infection associated with ibrutinib?
aspergillus (ibrutinib inhibits B cells)